Pervasive energy subsidies for groundwater pumping pose a challenge for policy makers around the world who cope with lowering water tables from increased reliance on groundwater resources for irrigation. This paper outlines a series of laboratory experiments aimed to study the groundwater extraction decisions of stakeholders under alternative subsidy structures. We propose a model and a methodo...

BACKGROUND In Sub-Saharan Africa, maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates are associated with underutilization of skilled birth attendance (SBA). In 2007, Burkina Faso introduced a subsidy scheme for SBA fees. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Burkina Faso's subsidy policy on SBA rate across socioeconomic status (SES) strata. METHODS We used a quasi-experim...

Abstract This article brings new perspectives on state–citizen relations in African petro-states by analysing the role of Nigerian trade unions recurring fuel subsidy protests. have played an instrumental protests against removals since mid-1980s, most recently massive 2012 protest known as ‘Occupy Nigeria’. Based idea that forms part a social contract Nigeria, and through revisiting T. H. Mars...

This paper describes results of FTM–West model solutions for a set of hypothetical future fuel treatment scenarios, which include stand-density-index (SDI) and thin-from-below (TFB) treatment regimes at alternative levels of harvest administrative fees or subsidies. The paper briefly describes estimates of harvestable wood (upper bounds) and acreage treatable under the different thinning regime...

Can subsidies promote Pareto-optimum coordination? We found that partially subsidizing the cooperative actions for two out of six players in a laboratory coordination game usually produced better coordination and higher total social welfare with both deterministic and stochastic payoffs. Not only were the subsidized players more likely to cooperate (choose the Pareto-optimum action), but the un...

A feed-in tariff system and a subsidy are often used to make households install photovoltaic (PV) systems for solar power generation. They both influence the economics of a household in deciding whether to install or not. The purpose of this study is to obtain information on how a PV-power price and a subsidy should be set to promote adoption of PV systems effectively and efficiently. The model...

This paper shows that subsidy can naturally emerge as part of the equilibrium strategy of an innovator of a cost-reducing innovation in a Cournot oligopoly when the innovator is endowed with combinations of upfront fee and royalty. It is further shown that there are robust regions where the social welfare is higher in subsidy-based licensing compared to the regime where licensing involving subs...

OBJECTIVE We examined sociodemographic trends in emergency department ED visits and postvisit health care for anxiety and stress disorders. METHODS Emergency department visits (N = 11,289) by children younger than 18 years were extracted from population-based administrative databases from Alberta, Canada (2002-2011). We examined health services use by demographics and socioeconomic proxy (Fir...

In the study of taxi subsidy scheme for "ease taxi difficult" issue,from the driver’s angle,regard income levels, soliciting risk,self-selection, technical level these evaluation factors as an evaluation index.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on the law of entropy,analyze the date of drivers’ satisfaction before and after the taxi subsidy scheme,the conclusion of the implemented of th...