OBJECTIVE Although waste is traditionally assessed as a pollutant which needs to be reduced or lessened, its management is certainly necessary. Nowadays, biological fuel cells, through the direct conversion of organic matter to electricity using biocatalysts, represent a technology able to produce sustainable energy by means of waste treatment. This study aims to propose a mean to generate ener...

Otto Fuel II is a mixture of three component chemicals, propylene glycol dinitrate, 2-nitrodiphenylamine, and dibutyl sebacate. Otto Fuel II enters the environment as these three components, which partition to the different environmental media according to their individual chemical and physical properties. Otto Fuel II is primarily released to water in waste streams from Navy facilities that pr...

There are 103 commercial nuclear power stations currently operating in the United States, generating a total of about 2 000 t of spent fuel each year. Over 40 000 t of spent fuel have accumulated since these plants began operation, with the fuel being stored first in at-reactor spent fuel storage pools and later in independent spent fuel storage installations and dry cask storage facilities. Th...

Waste-to-energy (WtE) facilities have been established worldwide as a sustainable method for the disposal of residual waste. In the present study the following competing WtE systems were compared: (1) municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) with energy recovery; (2) co-incineration of waste in old lignite or coal-fired power plants; (3) substitute [refuse-derived fuel (RDF)] incinerators wit...

The previous chapters focused on first generation biofuels. In this chapter we focus on second generation biofuels, specifically biofuels derived from cellulosic or lignocellulosic conversion. Advocates for the development of cellulosic conversion believe that second generation technology avoids many of the adverse consequences of first generation biofuels: it does not directly compete for food...

A comparative study of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using sulfuric acid (Two-step) and microwaveassisted transesterification (One-step) was carried out. A two-step transesterification process was used to produce biodiesel (alkyl ester) from high free fatty acid (FFA) waste cooking oil. Microwave-assisted catalytic transesterification using BaO and KOH was evaluated for the effica...

The conventional energy source in cement industries is fossil fuels, mainly coal, which has a high environmental footprint. On average, expenditures account for 40% of the overall production costs per ton cement. Reducing both impact and economic expenditure involves incorporating alternative sources (fuels) such as biomass, solid-derived fuel (SDF), refuse-derived (RDF) etc. However, within pl...