Citrullinemia is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of the urea cycle due to a deficiency in argininosuccinic acid synthetase. We present two cases of the infantile form of citrullinemia in which CT revealed bilateral and symmetric corticosubcortical hypoattenuating areas, ulegyric changes, and atrophy in the frontal lobes, as well as atrophy in the gyrus cinguli, insulae, and temporal lobes.

The attribution of personal cognition to another consciousness or sentient being is strongly correlated with altered perfusion within the frontoparietal or frontotemporal regions. The authors applied weak complex magnetic fields that produce an increased incidence of these experiences in healthy volunteers. Quantitative monopolar electroencephalographic (QEEG) measurements for each of the four ...

The distinctiveness heuristic is a response mode in which participants expect to remember vivid details of an experience and make recognition decisions based on this metacognitive expectation. Whereas much is known about the cognitive processes that are involved in using the distinctiveness heuristic, little is known about the corresponding brain processes. Because such metacognitive processes ...

Positron emission tomography studies with fluorodeoxyglucose in patients with schizophrenia are reviewed and findings in the frontal lobes, basal ganglia, and temporal lobes summarized from more than 20 published studies. Despite methodological and clinical population differences between studies, most reports indicate that patients with schizophrenia are more likely to be low in these areas tha...

Twenty-eight children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined with SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography). Seven of the children had abnormal distribution of the regional cerebral blood-flow (rCBF) on visual evaluation and 10 had abnormal EEG findings. The only clinical finding that differentiated the group with normal from abnormal rCBF was behaviour symp...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We investigated serial metabolic changes in frontal lobes of patients with deep intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) to examine the correlation between N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and degree of motor impairment or clinical outcome. METHODS - Twenty patients with deep ICH were examined with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy with the application of a multivoxel method (1 voxel...

Measures of performance on the Trail Making Test (TMT) are among the most popular neuropsychological assessment techniques. Completion time on TMT-A is considered to provide a measure of processing speed, whereas completion time on TMT-B is considered to constitute a behavioral measure of the ability to shift between cognitive sets (cognitive flexibility), commonly attributed to the frontal lob...

ALD, which is the X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), is a rare inherited metabolic disease caused by an enzyme deficiency leading to accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA), especially in brain and adrenal cortex. Its prevalence is currently estimated at 1:30,000 to 50,000 in males in Japan. We report a 34-year-old man, who acts of theft, peep and obscenity with adult o...

Both the frontal lobes and the medial temporal lobe (particularly the hippocampus) have been implicated in encoding and retrieval of episodic memory information. We report an experiment that manipulates whether source information, item information, or both are required at retrieval. Two sources were used in a factorial design in which the main effect of source and item retrieval, along with the...

Acute infantile encephalopathy predominantly affecting the frontal lobes (AIEF) is proposed as a novel form of acute encephalopathy in infancy. To establish the diagnostic criteria for AIEF, we reviewed the clinical data of 10 patients who were seen by us and diagnosed as having AIEF, and those of 7 patients in the literature compatible with the diagnosis of AIEF. The mean age of onset was 1 ye...