We analyze a planar lens with negative index of refraction to develop analytical expressions describing EM evanescent and propagating waves. Resolution, field magnitude, and field intensity of the superlens is identical for equal absorption and gain parameters. Subwavelength resolution is achieved by the Planar NIM lens in the near-field regime due to amplification and recovery of evanescent fi...

Two compact analytical descriptions of Fresnel diffraction patterns from polygonal apertures under uniform illumination are detailed. In particular, a simple expression for the diffracted field from constituent edges is derived. These results have fundamental importance as well as specific applications, and they promise new physical insights into diffraction-related phenomena. The usefulness of...

In computer-generated hologram (CGH) calculations, a diffraction pattern needs to be calculated from all points of a 3-D object, which requires a heavy computational cost. In this paper, we propose a novel fast computer-generated hologram calculation method using sparse fast Fourier transform. The proposed method consists of two steps. First, the sparse dominant signals of CGHs are measured by ...

Volume zone plates consisting of a number of Fresnel zone plate layers are designed and fabricated inside a fused silica by the femtosecond laser direct writing method. Light diffracted from different layers of a volume zone plate constructively interfere at the focal spot to increase diffraction efficiency. The technique is experimentally verified to be effective for both low-numerical-apertur...

Diffraction-free beams have attracted increasing research interests because of their unique performances and broad applications in various fields. Although many methods have been developed to produce such beams, it is still challenging to realize a tunable non-diffracting beam. Here, we report the generation of a tunable diffraction-free array through second-harmonic generation in a nonlinear p...

Fresnel lenses offer the possibility of concentrating the flux of X-rays or gamma-rays flux falling on a geometric area of many square metres onto a focal point which need only be a millimetre or so in diameter (and which may even be very much smaller). They can do so with an efficiency that can approach 100%, and yet they are easily fabricated and have no special alignment requirements. Fresne...

Simple polynomial formulas to calculate the FWHM and full width at 1/e2 intensity diffraction spot size and the depth of focus at a Strehl ratio of 0.8 and 0.5 as a function of a Gaussian beam truncation ratio and a system f-number are presented. Formulas are obtained by use of the numerical integration of a Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral and can be used to calculate the number of resolva...

The classical theory of diffraction at plane apertures illuminated by normally incident light is modified so that diffraction on the source side of the screen is taken into consideration and the energy transport across the aperture plane is described by continuous functions. The modified field expressions involve the sums and differences of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integrals as descr...