T he frequency synthesizer is a key building block of virtually any microwave test and measurement, communication or monitoring system [1-5]. Synthesizers come in a variety of forms ranging from a tiny PLL chip to a bench-top signal generator. Traditionally we imagine them as a connectorized metal box or " brick " which can be put into a more complex instrument or subsystem. This series of arti...

We present a method for improving the perceived naturalness of corpus-based speech synthesizers. It consists in removing pronounced pitch peaks in the original recordings, which typically lead to noticeable discontinuities in the synthesized speech. We perceptually evaluated this method using two concatenative and two HMM-based synthesis systems, and found that using it on the source recordings...

Currently, speech synthesizers are controlled by a multitude of proprietary tag sets. These tag sets vary substantially across synthesizers and are an inhibitor to the adoption of speech synthesis technology by developers. SABLE is an XML/SGML-based markup scheme for text-to-speech synthesis, developed to address the need for a common TTS control paradigm. This paper presents an overview of the...

HLSyn is a quasi-articulatory synthesizer (independent of any particular language) with a small set of parameters, which model the complex acoustic consequences of vocal tract. The primary motivation of using HLSyn is to combine the ‘simplicity of control’ of articulatory synthesizers with ‘accuracy and efficiency’ of formant synthesizers. The aim of this paper is to analyze the quality of nonn...

Speech Synthesizers have traditionally been built on carefully read speech that is recorded in studio environment. Such voices are suboptimal for use in noisy conditions, which is inevitable in a majority of deployed speech systems. In this work, we attempt to modify the output of the speech synthesizers to make it more appropriate for noisy environments. Comparison of spectral and prosodic fea...

The clock distribution network consumes approximately 70% of the total power which is dissipated by the ICs since it is the only indicator has the most switching activity. Typically we create a multiple PLL to meet the need, for a multi clock domain network, this project main aim is to develop a low power single clock multiband system which will supply for the multi clock domain system . This i...

This proposition paper wants to raise the issue of design ideology within the field of music software that recreates vintage analogue synthesizers using subtractive synthesis. There is a clear dominance of a skeuomorphic design ideology regarding the Graphical User Interface (GUI) within this field. The suggested study aims to research if this is a correct choice in terms us usability, accessib...

The term “virtual analog” (VA) first appeared in the 1990s with the commercial introduction of digital synthesizer instruments that were intended to emulate the earlier analog subtractive synthesizers, such as those produced by, among others, Moog or Sequential Circuits (Smith 2008). In creating a “virtual analog” digital model, two approaches are possible: the first is to build an explicit dig...

A general model of phase-locked loops (PLLs) is derived which incorporates the influence of divide value variations. The proposed model allows straightforward noise and dynamic analyses of – fractionalfrequency synthesizers and other PLL applications in which the divide value is varied in time. Based on the derived model, a general parameterization is presented that further simplifies noise cal...