Spinal nerve (SN) stimulation inhibits the bladder rhythmic contraction (BRC) in anesthetized rats. This preparation was used to study the effects of electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve (TN) and the dorsal nerve of the clitoris (DNC) on BRC. Stimulation of the TN and DNC for 10 min produced a frequency- and intensity-dependent attenuation of the frequency of bladder contractions. As obse...

background and aim: tinnitus is an auditory phantom percept in the absence of any objective physical sound source. although advances have been made in its treatment, there is very low percent of patients that report an elimination of their tinnitus. a novel approach using noninv­asive neuromodulation has emerged as an inter­esting and promising modality for tinnitus relief. our aim in this revi...

We examined the influence of varying stimulation frequency on muscle output during isometric and dynamic contractions. Our findings demonstrate that the predictability of the force- and excursion-frequency relationships is extremely strong across stimulation intensities. There were no differences in the frequency which elicited 50% of peak or peak muscle output. We conclude that the impact of v...

OBJECTIVE Electrical stimulation of the hippocampus offers the possibility to treat patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) who are not surgical candidates. We report long-term follow-up results in five patients receiving low or high frequency hippocampal stimulation for drug-resistant MTLE. MATERIALS AND METHODS The patients underwent stereotactic implantation of quadripolar stimu...

Electron microscopic localization of calcium-containing mitochondria in stratum radiatum of CAl of hippocampal slices was performed after (1) low-frequency stimulation, (2) high-frequency stimulation, and (3) blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors during high-frequency stimulation. Dendritic mitochondria containing Ca deposits were found in a narrow band of stratum radiatum 280-350 micr...

  Background : Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globuspallidusinternus (GPi) is recommended as a promising technique for the management of the primary generalized dystonia (PGD) with DYT1 gene mutation. We present the first report of DBS results in Iranian patients with DYT1 positive PGD.   Methods : Nine patients who suffered from severely disabling DYT1 positive PGD consecutively were recr...

The success and limitations of cochlear implants (CIs) along with recent advances in deep brain stimulation and neural engineering have motivated the development of a central auditory prosthesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of electrical stimulation of the inferior colliculus central nucleus (ICC) on primary auditory cortex (A1) activity to determine the potential benefits of an ...

Noninvasive cortical stimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have proved to be powerful tools for establishing causal relationships between brain regions and their functions. In the present study, we demonstrate that a new technique called transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) can interact with ong...

Evidence has accumulated suggesting that the median raphe (MR) mediates hippocampal theta desynchronization. However, few studies have evaluated theta-related neural circuitry during MR manipulation. In urethane-anesthetized rats, we investigated the effects of MR stimulation on hippocampal field and cell activity using high-frequency (100 Hz), theta burst (TBS), and slow-frequency electrical s...

Classically, neural adaptation refers to a reduction in response magnitude by sustained stimulation. In human electroencephalography (EEG), neural adaptation has been measured, for example, as frequency-specific response decrease by previous stimulation. Only recently and mainly based on animal studies, it has been suggested that statistical properties in the stimulation lead to adjustments of ...