It has been argued that for antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to stop ice crystal growth, they must irreversibly bind to the ice surface. Surface-adsorbed AFPs should also prevent ice from melting, but to date this has been demonstrated only in a qualitative manner. Here we present the first quantitative measurements of superheating of ice in AFP solutions. Superheated ice crystals were stable for hou...

The ability to learn, remember, and respond to emotional events is a powerful survival strategy. However, dysregulated behavioral and physiological responses to these memories are maladaptive. To fully understand learned fear and the pathologies that arise during response malfunction we must reveal the environmental variables that influence learned fear responses. Light, a ubiquitous environmen...

An alanine-rich, alpha-helical antifreeze polypeptide (AFP) from the winter flounder and seven analogs with variations in the arrangement of neutral, polar amino acids were synthesized. Circular dichroism studies determined that all of the peptides, except for one containing a proline residue, were essentially 100% alpha-helical. Freezing point depression data, analyzed by three methods, showed...

The aim of this study was to enhance the quality and sensory characteristics of bread made from frozen dough. Both white and whole-wheat flour were used. In order to improve dough strength and stability during frozen storage, samples were supplemented with vital wheat gluten at the levels of 2%, 4%, 5%, and 6% of flour weight. The characteristics of baked samples were determined through weight ...

The aim of this article is to review the development in assessment tear film with osmolarity techniques. Also, find out average score for normal and keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) patients based on published work.
 use techniques has been started about 50 years ago. Over last a number researchers have investigated human osmolarity. two procedures. first procedure which old, that involves...

An improved and simplified procedure is described for determining the freezing points of hydrocarbons from time-temperature freezing and melting curves, and for calculating the purity whcn the freezing point for zero impurity is (a) known and (b) not previously known. A procedure for determining the cryoscopic constant is also described. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII.