The terrestrial cryosphere comprises cold areas of Earth’s land surface where water is either permanently or seasonally frozen. This includes most regions north of 40 degrees North latitude and most mountainous regions where elevation is greater than 1000m [1]. Permafrost is ground that perennially at or below 0 throughout the year. Above the permafrost is the active layer, which experiences su...

Ice formation in the xylem sap produces air bubbles that under negative xylem pressures may expand and cause embolism in the xylem conduits. We used the centrifuge method to evaluate the relationship between freeze-thaw embolism and conduit diameter across a range of xylem pressures (Px) in the conifers Pinus contorta and Juniperus scopulorum. Vulnerability curves showing loss of conductivity (...

Semen cryopreservation and artificial insemination (AI) are potentially valuable methods for supporting the breeding management of endangered species like the Asian elephant. Cryopreservation of Asian elephant semen has however proven problematic with respect to maintenance of both adequate semen quality and fertility post-thaw. In this study, nine ejaculates from three adult bulls were used to...

Background: Plasma membrane of the spermatozoa interacts with and is altered by abundant seminal PDC-109 present in their immediate milieu in vivo with damaging effect in a time- and concentration- dependent manner. Therefore we hypothesized that sequestration of detrimental protein from ejaculates would be beneficial for cryopreservation of sperm cells. To this aim we evaluated the effect of s...

Background and Objectives: As chemical methods are commonly used to modify the starch properties, in this study, the influence of chemical modification using POCl3 on the rice starch function was evaluated. Materials and Methods: Rice starch was isolated by alkaline extraction of the proteins and cross-linked rice starches were prepared from reactions between native rice starch (low and high a...

This study aims to formulate and evaluate the preparation of an anti-aging cream made from astaxanthin. Astaxanthin has antioxidant activity, as well other carotenoid compounds. shows more significant activity than ?-carotene; thus,developing astaxanthin compounds in preparations is necessary. type experimental laboratory research compares three different concentrations compounds, including for...

Refrigerant leakage from failed braze joints is a multi-billion dollar problem for the global HVAC&R industry. Leaks are typically caused due to mechanical fatigue from extreme pressure cycling, temperature cycling including exposure to freeze/thaw cycles, or vibrational wear induced from rotating electrical machinery. Three tests to accelerate mechanical fatigue were devised to simulate real w...

Performance of OPC and composite cements including limestone ternary blended concretes pastes exposed to natural carbonation, leaching, freeze-thaw (FT) cycles their coupling were investigated. The combined regime is analogous the Capillary suction, internal damage Freeze-thaw (CIF) test. test results showed that cement are more susceptible surface scaling damage. Microanalysis complementary re...

The soil column samples were collected for indoor simulated freeze-thaw experiments to monitor the hydrothermal dynamics and measure basic physicochemical properties research effects of on process peat bog its relationship with properties. results indicate that in initial phase freezing-thawing, water content decreases temperature changes, respectively. Unfrozen stable freezing period sharply. ...

Twentieth-century researcher Ernest John Christopher Polge studied the reproductive processes of livestock and determined a method to successfully freeze, thaw, and utilize viable [4] sperm [5] cells to produce offspring in animals. In 1949, Polge identified glycerol as a cryoprotectant, or a medium that enables cells to freeze without damaging their cellular components or functions. Several ye...