Current methods for reconstructing human populations of the past by age and sex are deterministic or do not formally account for measurement error. We propose a method for simultaneously estimating age-specific population counts, fertility rates, mortality rates, and net international migration flows from fragmentary data that incorporates measurement error. Inference is based on joint posterio...

background : clinical decision making as a major part of the performance of professional nursing is the distinctive factor of professional nurses and non-professional health care personnel. this study aimed to assess the relationship between the exercise and physical activity and the nurses’ collaboration in clinical decision making in al-zahra hospital, isfahan, iran. methods: th descriptive-c...

rapid urban population is widely known as the main inducement of growing cities in terms of quantity and variety in form. however, the city expansion entails physical challenges and it has profound impacts on the issue of urban morphology. it raises global awareness beyond the urbanism and includes sociology, psychology, economics as well as environmental studies due to the implications of broa...

the aim of this study was to compare mental health, quality of life and emotional intelligence in physical education teachers and non-physical education teachers in kermanshah. this study was carried out by a causal-comparative and field method. the statistical population of this study comprised all the teachers of kermanshah (972 physical education teachers and 2854 non-physical education teac...

professionalism is the foundation of trust on which the doctor-patient relationship is built. this study was performed to measure professionalism in iranian physical medicine and rehabilitation residents as a baseline assessment tool for future studies. this was a descriptive study. the persian version of the american board of internal medicine (abim) questionnaire was distributed among all the...