Since recent reports suggest structural brain abnormalities in autistic patients, we analysed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of autistic children. Planimetric measurements were done on midsagittal MRI scans, produced with a 0.5 T superconducting magnet. Scans of 13 'high-level' autistic subjects were compared with 35 control MRI scans, read as anatomically normal by a neuroradiologist. ...

Epidermoid cysts are benign, congenital, and rare lesions corresponding to approximately to 0.2% to 1.8% of all intracranial tumors.1 Because of its pearly appearance, in 1829, Cruveilhier described these tumors as Tumeure Perlée. Virchow and Bailey coined the term “Pearl Tumor”; and, in 1836, Müller introduced the “Cholesteatoma” denomination.2 Approximately 5% of epidermoid cysts affects the ...

INTRODUCTION Fourth ventricle outlet obstruction (FVOO) is a rare cause of obstructive hydrocephalus. We describe a case of idiopathic FVOO that was successfully treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). CASE REPORT A 3-year old boy without any remarkable medical history presented with a headache and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) images, which had incidentally been taken 2 yea...

Primary fourth ventricle meningiomas are extremely rare, and they are defined as meningiomas arising from the choroid plexus and lying strictly within the fourth ventricle. In this report we present a 61-year-old man with progressive worsening vertigo and gait disturbance, and new onset of diplopia. Neurological examination revealed bilateral abducens nerve paralysis, horizontal nystagmus, and ...

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study are to investigate the factors that may be related to ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt in patients with cerebellar hematoma and the effect of severe fourth ventricular hemorrhage, causing obstructive hydrocephalus on subsequent VP shunt performance. METHODS This study included 31 patients with spontaneous cerebellar hematoma and concomitant fourth ventricul...

Previous studies have demonstrated that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling in the hypothalamus is involved in the control of energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of mTOR signalling in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) on energy intake. Phospho-mTOR was detected in the DMNV neurons, and its levels were increased by energy deprivation. R...

The filling patterns of a negative contrast material (air), a positive contrast water soluble material (Conray), and a positive contrast water insoluble material (Myodil) were examined in 60 normal ventriculograms. Using a scoring system developed for this study, Conray was found effective for outlining the ipsilateral (injected) lateral ventricle, the third ventricle, the aqueduct of Sylvius, ...

OBJECTIVE To present a case of a fourth ventricle subependymoma (SE) with a spontaneous acute subarachnoid intra-cisternal bleeding. METHODS A 33-year-old man was admitted with 5 days history of oppressive occipital headache and neck pain without additional neurological focus. Unenhanced computed tomography (CT) scan demonstrated an isointense mass located in the fourth ventricle with a spont...

Clinical Sciences Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; Medizinische Einrichtungen, Immunobiologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universitat, Dusseldorf D-40001, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, UK; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; The Mayfair Medical Center, ...

Symptomatic intraventricular cysticerci are said to respond poorly to the anticestodial agent praziquantel. A case is reported of rapid regression of a large cyst of the fourth ventricle after oral praziquantel, avoiding the need for surgery.