Widely used, the formalin test is a tonic model of continuous pain resulting from formalin-induced tissue injury. It is a useful model, particularly for the screening of novel compounds, since it encompasses inflammatory, neurogenic, and central mechanisms of nociception [5,6]. Reports can vary widely with regard to concentration of formalin (itself a 37% dilute solution of formaldehyde) as wel...

Evaluation of mRNA Expression Calcitonin Gene-Dependent Peptide (CGRP) and Rat (rCT) in the Periaqueductal Gray Area (PAG) Diabetic Rats Formalin Test

introduction: feverfew (tanacetum parthenium) (t.p.) is widely used in folk medicine to treat many diseases. we reported the analgesic effect of t.p. flower and leaf previously. present study is designed to find the mechanism underlying the anti-nociceptive effect of the aqueous extract of t.p. flower. method: based on our previous study, the dose 50 mg/kg i.p. of the t.p. aqueous extract had a...

the novel bicyclo thieno 1, 2, 3-triazines (btt) namely btt-1, btt-2, btt-3 and btt-4 were evaluated for analgesic anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity. analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using hot plate test , formalin induced paw licking test and formalin induced paw edema test respectively, complete fruend’s adjuvant (cfa) induced arthritis model was used for anti...

BACKGROUND Pregabalin is an anticonvulsant and analgesic agent that interacts selectively with the voltage-sensitive-Ca(2+)-channel alpha-2-delta subunit. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the analgesic action of intrathecal (IT) pregabalin is associated with K(ATP) channels in the rat formalin test. METHODS IT PE-10 catheters were implanted in male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g)...

BACKGROUND Studies have shown that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play a critical role in pain processing at different levels of the central nervous system. METHODS In this study, we used adult Wistar rats to examine gender differences in the effects of NR2B NMDA antagonism at the level of the anterior cingulate cortex in phasic pain, and in the first and second phases of a formalin te...

PURPOSE There are evidences that glibenclamide, a sulfonylurea antidiabetic agent, reduces the analgesic action of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids and neuromodulators in animal models. The purpose of this work was to examine in the rat if such interaction involves pharmacokinetic mechanisms or is solely limited to the pharmacodynamic level. METHODS All studies were carr...

BACKGROUND The root of Peucedanum japonicum Thunb., a perennial herb found in Japan, the Philippines, China, and Korea, is used as an analgesic. In a previous study, sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (SOG) showed an analgesic effect. This study was performed to examine the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal SOG in the formalin test. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were implanted with an intrathecal ...