Dead wood and habitat tree such as fallen logs, snags, stumps and cracks and loos bark etc. are regarded as an important ecological component of forests on which many forest dwelling species depend on presence of them within forest ecosystems. Meanwhile its relation to management history in Caspian forest has gone unreported. The aim of research was to compare the amounts of dead wood and habit...

Risk communication is important for a sustainable management of natural resources. Even though risk management is ideally ongoing, studies of long-term risk communication from the perspective of the communicator are lacking. This case study examined the preparation and implementation of forest risk communication in Sweden. Interviews were conducted with advisors at the Swedish Forest Agency, re...

© The Ecological Society of America www.frontiersinecology.org E of the principal greenhouse gas (GHG), carbon dioxide (CO2), are driven primarily by the burning of fossil fuels, but the Earth’s biosphere also plays a major role in the global carbon (C) budget. Forest biomes are an important component of the global C budget, because of the large quantities stored in live biomass, detritus, and ...

The National Forest road system is the network that supports public recreation, which has become the primary use of the public lands. The pattern of use of National Forest roads for recreation has increased dramatically since the late 1940s and is expected to continue to increase beyond the rates observed today. However, research over the past 60 years clearly presents forest roads as a major s...

We reviewed construct validity in perception-based methods assessing status and/or trend of forest condition as applied in 19 empirical studies that evaluated the conservation impact of popular participation in forest management. Perception-based methods focus on eliciting peoples’ assessment of the status and/or trend in forest condition or indicators of forest condition through interviews, su...

1. Before Biodiversity Management: A Short Historical Background 2. Forest Habitats and Biodiversity 3. The Rain Forests of Southern Nigeria: A Case Study 4. Managing Well-Known Forest Sites 4.1. Temperate Forests 4.2. Tropical Forests 4.3. People's Dependence on Forest Resources and Institutional Alternatives for Sustainable Management of the Tropical Forests 4.4. Assessing Conservation Priori...

The forest management certification process in Poland was initiated in 1996 by the Regional Directorates of State Forests. The intent was to obtain confirmation of the high level of forest management in Poland and to satisfy the requests of timber products exporters, for whom having a certificate was a necessary requirement demanded by buyers (and later served as a marketing tool). Currently, n...

The remnants of primeval Norway spruce forests in the European temperate zone are crucial for maintaining forest biodiversity in high mountain landscapes. This paper presents results of a multidisciplinary research and evaluation project on the management practices for mountain spruce forests in the Natura 2000 site (National Nature Reserve Serak-Keprnik in the Hruby Jesenik Mountains, the Czec...

Forest certification has been widely adopted by Bolivian stakeholders as a result of a strong combination of policy, training, technical assistance, and economic incentives for responsible forest management. The new Forestry Law of 1996 and associated regulations, the national dependency on foreign exports, and national and international support of forest management and certification together f...

Declines of early-successional forest across the northeast United States during the past 60 years has caused declines in populations of associated birds and active forest management is necessary to reverse these trends. Land managers often focus on a few target species with hopes that non-target species are also conserved, but the effectiveness of management for so-called umbrella species is se...