Productivity determinants of the urban domestic electricity sector in a crosssection of EU countries are examined to unveil the existence of two forms of spillover effects: those from foreign firms (foreign spillovers) and those related to spatial interactions (spatial spillovers). The empirical analysis also assesses the importance of industrial disaggregation in the context of the ongoing pol...

The present paper is concerned with the attractiveness of countries to direct foreign investments, that is, the host country characteristics that attract direct foreign investment (FDI). It focuses on two types of national characteristics— those that attract inflows of all foreign investment (intermediate products), including FDI, that is, mobility factors; and those that influence the modality...

Output growth in the U.S., a commodity-importing country, increases its demand for imports of commodities and therefore commodity prices, which benefits commodityexporting countries but has adverse effects on commodity-importing countries. Hence, in the data, U.S. output is more positively correlated with outputs of commodity-exporting countries than commodity-importing countries. In other word...

The effects of globalization on income distribution within rich and poor countries are a matter of controversy. While international trade theory in its most abstract formulation implies that increased trade and foreign investment should make income distribution more equal in poor countries and less equal in rich countries, finding these effects has proved elusive. The paper presents another att...

Rethinking the foundations of Heckscher–Ohlin theory when countries have different technologies, this paper shows how to make the proper adjustments for international productivity differences. The central tool is a factor conversion matrix that computes the local factor content of foreign Rybczynski effects. Factor-specific productivities are a special case of these more general linear relation...

The United States is in the midst of a prolonged nursing shortage, one that could reach a deficit of 800,000 registered nurses (RNs) by 2020. Increasingly, foreign-trained nurses are migrating to the U.S., particularly from low-income countries, seeking higher wages and a higher standard of living. Increased reliance on immigration may adversely affect health care in lower-income countries with...

This paper surveys the effects of outward foreign direct investment on the developed home countries of multinational corporations. The focus is on the production interactions arising from outward investment – what is the impact on home country exports and production structure – but the paper also discusses effects on investment, the balance-of-payments, technology and knowledge, and political d...