included. References 1. Almeida A, Roberts I. Bone involvement in sickle cell disease. Br J Haematol 2005;129:482-490. 2. Booth C, Inusa B, Obaro SK. Infection in sickle cell disease: a review. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14:e2-e12. 3. Atkins BL, Price EH, Tillyer L, Novelli V, Evans J. Salmonella osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease children in the East End of London. J Infect 1997;34:133-138. 4. Bu...

Colliding bodies optimization (CBO) is a new population-based stochastic optimization algorithm based on the governing laws of one dimensional collision between two bodies from the physics. Each agent is modeled as a body with a specified mass and velocity. A collision occurs between pairs of objects to find the global or near-global solutions. Enhanced colliding bodies optimization (ECBO) uses...

background: the pattern of drug abuse in iran has dramatically changed in recent years, turning from the traditional opioids [opium, opium dross, and refined opium dross (shireh)] into drugs with newer forms. the present study is aimed at investigating the frequency of pathological changes in the lungs of bodies with positive postmortem toxicology results for narcotics and psychotropic substanc...

Background: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) and subcutaneous emphysema are rare findings in children. Various etiologies have been reported for SPM, such as foreign body aspiration in infants, especially in those aged less than three years. In addition to the complications associated with foreign body aspiration, SPM may also become a life-threatening condition if left untreated. In the pre...