With the development of various autofocusing (AF) technologies, sensor manufacturers are demanded to evaluate their performance accurately. The basic method evaluating AF is measure time get refocused image and sharpness while repeatedly inducing refocusing process. Traditionally, this process was conducted manually by covering uncovering an object or repeatedly, which can lead unreliable resul...

Abstract Bicelle is one of the most stable phospholipid assemblies, which has tremendous applications in research areas for drug delivery or structural studies membrane proteins owing to its bio-membrane mimicking characteristics and high thermal stability. However, conventional preparation method bicelle demands complicated manufacturing processes a long time so that continuous synthesis using...