Carbonate apatite (CO₃Ap) foam has gained much attention in recent years because of its ability to rapidly replace bone. However, its mechanical strength is extremely low for clinical use. In this study, to understand the potential of gelatin-reinforced CO₃Ap foam for bone replacement, CO₃Ap foam was reinforced with gelatin and the resulting physical characteristics were evaluated. The mechanic...

Liquid foams are classified into a dry foam and a wet foam, empirically judging from the liquid fraction or the shape of the gas bubbles. It is known that physical properties such as elasticity and diffusion are different between the dry foam and the wet foam. Nevertheless, definitions of those states have been vague and the dry-wet transition of foams has not been clarified yet. Here we show t...

To the Editor: Chronic venous insufficiency is a common disease in adulthood. One recently developed therapy for varicose veins is foam sclerotherapy.1 We used foam sclerotherapy in a 51-year-old man and a 33-year-old woman who had symptomatic varicose great saphenous veins and were otherwise healthy. Immediately after the initiation of treatment, transient scotomas developed in the man, and a ...

Beta-migrating very low density lipoproteins (beta--VLDL) and chemically modified low density lipoproteins (LDL), labeled with the fluorescent probe 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine (Dil), were used to determine whether foam cells from atherosclerotic lesions have lipoprotein receptors similar to those of macrophages. The advantage of the Dil probe is that it produces a brilliant fluorescence d...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The antipsoriatic effect of an innovative aerosol foam formulation of fixed combination calcipotriol 50 μg/g (as hydrate; Cal) and betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as dipropionate; BD) was explored in order to compare the effect with that of the first-line treatment Cal/BD ointment. METHODS This was a Phase IIa, single-centre, investigator-blinded, exploratory study, with intr...

BACKGROUND Successful skin grafting requires multiple factors for success. An even distribution of constant pressure exerted upon the graft is necessary for successful graft take. It is well known that excessive pressure on a graft causes ischemia and may result in the failure of graft take. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the variation in skin pressure (tension) on curved surfaces, pa...

Foam is the natural phenomenon of bubbles that arise due to nucleation of gas in liquids. The current state of art in Computer Graphics rarely includes foam effects on large scales. In this paper we introduce a vertexbased, quasi-static equilibrium model from the field of Computational Physics as a new paradigm for foam effects. Dynamic processes like gas diffusion and bubble collapse are added...