OBJECTIVES The pain intensity of patients with FM has recently been reported to be correlated with the degree of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). SIBO is often associated with an increased intestinal permeability (IP). Increased IP, if shown in FM, may have pathogenetic relevance because it leads to the exposure of immune cells to luminal antigens and consequent immune modulation. ...

We are all familiar with the common Analog modulation techniques of Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM). It may come as a surprise for us to realise that the first modulation of electrical signals was really digital modulation. Samuel Morse invented the Morse Code where every English alphabet and number was coded as a sequence of a dot (.) and a dash (-). This is similar to ...

White matter is one of the two components of central nervous system and consists mostly of glialcells and myelinated axons that transmits signal from one region of the cerebrum to another and between cerebrum and lower brain centers. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common diseases which affect white matter. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic idiopathic disease resulted in multiple areas...

PURPOSE Speech recognition performance in noise was examined in children with cochlear implants (CIs) when using (a) a second CI (bilateral group), (b) a hearing aid (HA) on the nonimplant ear (bimodal group), and (c) a frequency modulation (FM) system on 1 or both sides. METHOD While always maintaining use of the first CI, 2 groups participated in 6 conditions each using various listening ar...

This paper presents a novel UWB communications system using double FM: a low-modulation index digital FSK followed by a high-modulation index analog FM to create a constant-envelope UWB signal. FDMA techniques at the subcarrier level are exploited to accommodate multiple users. The system is intended for low (1–10 kbps) and medium (100–1000 kbps) bit rate, and short-range WPAN systems. A wideba...

Transcallosal excitation and inhibition have been theorized based on the effect of callosotomy on intractable epilepsy and dichotic listening research, respectively. We studied bilateral interaction of cortical auditory neurons and found that this interaction consisted of focused facilitation and widespread lateral inhibition. The frequency modulated (FM)-FM area of the auditory cortex of the m...

In this paper, we discuss CPM-OFDMA (Continuous Phase Modulation Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) a novel modulation that maps a discrete-time CPM into a spectrally efficient DFTspread OFDMA transmission. Three CPM-OFDMA schemes are developed based on discrete-time variants of PCM/FM, SOQPSK-TG and ARTM-CPM telemetry modulations. Simulations reveal that spectrally efficient CPM-OF...

OBJECTIVE To determine if peripheral neuropathology exists among the innervation of cutaneous arterioles and arteriole-venule shunts (AVS) in fibromyalgia (FM) patients. SETTING Cutaneous arterioles and AVS receive a convergence of vasoconstrictive sympathetic innervation, and vasodilatory small-fiber sensory innervation. Given our previous findings of peripheral pathologies in chronic pain c...

Frequency modulation (FM) features are typically extracted using a filterbank, usually based on an auditory frequency scale, however there is psychophysical evidence to suggest that this scale may not be optimal for extracting speakerspecific information. In this paper, speaker-specific information in FM features is analyzed as a function of the filterbank structure at the feature, model and cl...

Frequency modulation (FM) detection was investigated in acoustic and electric hearing to characterize cochlear-implant subjects' ability to detect dynamic frequency changes and to assess the relative contributions of temporal and spectral cues to frequency processing. Difference limens were measured for frequency upward sweeps, downward sweeps, and sinusoidal FM as a function of standard freque...