Background Drug cues recruit prelimbic cortex neurons that project to ipsilateral nucleus accumbens core. However, it is not known if the same is true for prelimbic cortex projections that decussate to innervate contralateral nucleus accumbens core. Further, a role for prelimbic cortex dopamine signaling in cued reinstatement of cocaine seeking has not been shown. Methods We assessed Fos expr...

INTRODUCTION The personal and societal costs of schizophrenia spectrum disorders are immense. Affected individuals may experience positive, negative and mood symptoms; medical and substance use comorbidities; and cognitive impairment that significantly impair social and occupational functioning. Globally, schizophrenia is a leading cause of years lost to disability, with a particularly large bu...

The effect of phorbol esters on the light-evoked responses of horizontal cells were studied in the turtle eyecup preparation. Phorbol esters caused a reduction in receptive field size and a significant decrease in the amplitude of responses to annular and full-field illumination; however, they caused only minor changes in responses to small spots in the receptive field centre. The dark membrane...

There has been increasing recognition that antipsychotic nonadherence is common across all stages of schizophrenia, starting from the first episode. Moreover, numerous meta-analyses of the existing literature indicate superiority of long-acting injectable (LAI) over oral antipsychotics when one adjusts for the greater illness severity and duration among patients in LAI antipsychotic trials. The...

Main results 18 studies (2214 patients) met the selection criteria. Study duration ranged from 3 weeks to 1 year (mean 12 wks). Patients were mostly men in their 30s with moderate to severe schizophrenia (mean duration 3–37 y). Comparators were usually haloperidol and placebo; 4 studies compared amisulpride with flupentixol, perazine, and fluphenazine. Amisulpride led to a greater mean reductio...

Cell swelling results in regulatory activation of multiple conductive anion pathways permeable toward a broad spectrum of intracellular organic osmolytes. Here, we explore the involvement of extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ in volume-dependent [3H]taurine efflux from primary cultured astrocytes and compare the Ca2+ sensitivity of this efflux in slow (high K+ medium induced) and fast (hyposm...

Abstract Nowadays, when analysts develop a new method, they are taking into consideration the green aspects of developed method. Two chromatographic methods were for determination antidepressant pharmaceutical combination nortriptyline hydrochloride and fluphenazine in presence their potential impurities assessed using four tools; eco-scale, analytical greenness profile (AGP), metric approach (...