It is generally assumed that, in humid climates, the groundwater table a subdued copy of surface topography. However, general unlikely to be affected by microtopography as seen high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). So far, there has been little guidance on best resolution DEM use determine shape water or direction shallow flow headwater catchments. We, therefore, looked at effects DE...

Abstract Water distribution networks (WDNs) are an important part of water systems and responsible for transportation from the reservoirs to demand nodes at adequate pressure velocity. In present paper, synthesis WDN is treated as optimization problem with a mixed integer nonlinear programming formulation. The objective function be minimized total network cost, considering installation energy c...

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been applied to a variety of problems during the past decade and provided effective control strategies in high-dimensional non-linear situations that are challenging traditional methods. Flourishing applications now spread out into field fluid dynamics specifically active flow (AFC). In community AFC, encouraging results obtained two-dimensional chaotic con...

The development of sensitivity to radial optic flow discrimination was investigated by measuring motion coherence thresholds (MCTs) in school-aged children at two speeds. A total of 119 child observers aged 6-16years and 24 young adult observers (23.66+/-2.74years) participated. In a 2AFC task observers identified the direction of motion of a 5° radial (expanding vs. contracting) optic flow pat...

Carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is still a significant cause of cerebrovascular morbidity and mortality. A new angle-independent technique, measuring and visualizing blood flow velocities in all directions, called vector flow imaging (VFI) is becoming available from several vendors. VFI can provide more intuitive and quantitative imaging of vortex formation, which is not clearly distingu...