t-2 toxin is the most poisonous trichothecene produced by fusarium species especially f.sporotrichioides . t-2 toxin is a biological contaminant in a number of agricultural commodities that can cause severe diseases among humans and animals and even lead to death. the aim of the current study is the analysis of t-2 mycotoxin in fusarium species by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) c...

Nondestructive proximal sensors can be an efficient source of information N status in crops for localized and rapid adjustment fertilization applications. The aim this study was to compare two transmittance/reflectance-based (SPAD, ASD) a florescence-based sensor (Multiplex) their ability measure content corn (Zea mays L.), spring winter barley (Hordeum vulgare rye (Secale cereale both at the l...

Keratinocyte growth factor 1 (KGF1) is a growth factor that promotes epidermal cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and wound repair. It is expressed at low levels in a form of inclusion body in E. coli. In order to increase its expression and activity, we produced tobacco plants expressing KGF1 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using a potato virus X (PVX)-based vector (pgR1...

In continuing search for effective treatments of cancer, the emerging model aims at efficient intracellular delivery of therapeutics into tumor cells in order to increase the drug concentration. However, the implementation of this strategy suffers from inefficient cellular uptake and drug resistance. Therefore, pH-sensitive nanosystems have recently been developed to target slightly acidic extr...

Loading control (LC) and variance stabilization of reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) data have been challenging mainly due to the small number of proteins in an experiment and the lack of reliable inherent control markers. In this study, we compare eight different normalization methods for LC and variance stabilization. The invariant marker set concept was first applied to the normalization of...

The dissipation of energy as heat is essential for photosynthetic organisms to protect themselves against excess light. We compared Photosystem II florescence changes (non-photochemical quenching, NPQ) in the brown alga Macrocystis pyrifera with that of Ficus sp., a higher plant to examine if the mechanism of heat dissipation (energy-dependent quenching, qE) differs between these evolutionary d...

Manganese (Mn) is an important micronutrient element required for plant growth and development, playing catalytic roles in enzymes, membranes and DNA replication. The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is able to accumulate high concentration of Mn without showing signs of toxicity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this remain largely unknown. In this study, the C. sinensis cultivar 'LJCY' ha...

An enduring mystery from the great houses of Chaco Canyon is the origin of more than 240,000 construction timbers. We evaluate probable timber procurement areas for seven great houses by applying tree-ring width-based sourcing to a set of 170 timbers. To our knowledge, this is the first use of tree rings to assess timber origins in the southwestern United States. We found that the Chuska and Zu...

Substructural logics have been traditionally characterized as those logics such that, when presented by means of a (sequent) proof system, lack one or more of the usual structural rules: weakening, exchange and contraction. Nonetheless, it is well known that they can also be, very usefully, roughly described as the logics of residuated lattices. Indeed, from this point of view we have seen, spe...

We report on the use of grazing incidence gamma-ray mirrors to serve as a narrow bandpass filter for advanced non-destructive analysis (NDA) of spent nuclear fuel. The purpose of the mirrors is to limit the radiation reaching a HPGe detector to narrow spectral bands around characteristic emission lines from fissile isotopes in the fuel. This overcomes the normal rate issues when performing gamm...