Traditional speech enhancement algorithms are only suitable for dealing with stationary noise, but the noise in stage of flight is nonstationary so traditional method not flight. This paper proposes a algorithm based on generative adversarial network: Deep Convolutional–Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network (DWGAN). Firstly, model integrates deep convolutional network and Wasserstein dista...

OBJECTIVES A prospective trial of echocardiography was conducted on six crew members onboard the International Space Station. The main objective was to determine the efficacy of remotely guided tele-echocardiography, including just-in-time e-training methods and determine what is "space normal" echocardiographic data. METHODS Each crew member operator (n = 6) had 2-hour preflight training. Ba...

BACKGROUND As part of a research program concerning legal aspects of two-pilot operations on long-haul routes, the purpose of the study was to investigate two-crew extended range operations during a flight roster with two consecutive night flights and a short layover. HYPOTHESIS Present flight time regulations may not be adequate for two-crew minimum operations. METHODS The study was conduc...

For Australian pilots, short layovers (<40 h) are a feature of many international patterns. However, anecdotal reports suggest that flight crew members find patterns with short slips more fatiguing than those with a longer international layover, as they restrict the opportunity to obtain sufficient sleep. The current study aimed to determine whether pilots operating international patterns with ...

P S Y C H O L O G I C A L EFFECTS of space flight may arise from central nervous system changes produced by physiological stress or from emotional reactions to various aspects of the flight. Since either of these may disrupt crew performance or impair the health of crew members, potential sources of adverse psychological change must be identified and steps to control it must be taken. Man's beh...

BACKGROUND Many epidemiological studies point to an increased risk of breast cancer among female airline cabin crew. Possible causes include occupational factors (e.g. cosmic radiation exposure, chronodisruption), as well as lifestyle and reproductive factors. AIMS To investigate the frequency of various risk factors in German flight attendants which are recognised to be associated with breas...

The integrated crew scheduling (ICS) problem consists of determining, for a set of available crew members, least-cost schedules that cover all flights and respect various safety and collective agreement rules. A schedule is a sequence of pairings interspersed by rest periods that may contain days off. A pairing is a sequence of flights, connections, and rests starting and ending at the same cre...

For reasons of tractability, the airline scheduling problem has traditionally been sequentially decomposed into various stages (e.g. schedule generation, fleet assignment, aircraft routing, and crew pairing), with the decisions from one stage imposed upon the decision-making process in subsequent stages. Whilst this approach greatly simplifies the solution process, it unfortunately fails to cap...