Fixed-bed reactors have gained growing attention for the cultivation of mammalian cells. They allow for a low shear stress cultivation of adherent and non-adherent cells due to the immobilization of cells within macroporous carriers. Their potential has been demonstrated for many cell culture purposes. Some of the recent developments are presented in this review, including improved antibody pro...

In the present study a practical model useful for designers dealing with pilot scale reactors for pollutant control has been developed. Investigations were undertaken for a single-component lead study on New Zealand clinoptilolite at the temperature of 25+/-1 degrees C. Fifteen runs under different operating conditions such as particle characteristics (expressed as d*(p)/D), column geometry (as...

In the tritium breeding blanket of nuclear fusion reactors, heat transfer behavior and thermal-mechanical response breeder pebble bed are affected by inner packing structure, which is crucial for design optimization a reliable in blanket. Thus, effect size distribution fixed wall on structure contact force poly-disperse were investigated numerical simulation. The results show that has significa...

The problem of designing the pellet characteristics for existing fixed-bed reactors has been studied. The reactor is assumed to be a unidimensional, plug-flow, heterogeneous type. Three particle shapes, two intraparticle mass transfer mechanisms, two kinds of film resistance to mass transfer and two poisoning patterns have been considered. An economic balance to both product market price and pe...

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a promising process for power generation with low energy penalty and in-situ CO2 capture. In this work, we focus on the integration of high-pressure, fixed-bed CLC reactors with combined cycle (CC) power plants. We deal with the discontinuous operation of fixedbed reactors and the dynamic simulation of CLC-CC power plants, which is nontrivial. Modern power p...

Two up-flow fixed bed reactors (UFBR) were operated for 8 months treating a model synthetic wastewater containing 2-fluorobenzoate (2-FB) and dichloromethane (DCM). The stability of the reactors under dynamic conditions, that is, sequentially alternating pollutants (SAP), shock loads, and starvation periods was assessed. Two support materials were used: expanded clay (EC) that does not adsorb 2...

A novel approach for the investigation of reaction kinetics using a polytropic miniplant reactor featuring highly resolved fibre optic temperature measurement and FTIR gas phase analysis is presented methanol synthesis.

A mathematical model for the startup period of a fixed-bed reactor with first-order reaction kinetics, axial dispersion and film mass transfer resistance was formulated and solved analytically using Laplace transform. The solution can be used to correlate or predict the reactant concentration profiles in the effluent of the reactor. The effects of both the Peclet number and Biot number on the e...

A process scheme based on a series of fixed-bed reactors is presented as a possible alternative for carrying out the chemical looping combustion of methane at high pressure with ilmenite as oxygen carrier. The oxygen carrier is stationary and it is alternately exposed to reducing and oxidizing atmospheres by means of the periodic switching of the gas feeds (i.e., methane and air, respectively)....

A kinetic model for xylan hydrolysis in liquid hot water flow-through pretreatment was developed. The model utilized a declining xylan hydrolysis rate constant with increasing conversion in combination with direct xylooligomer degradation. The model was able to describe experimental results from flow-through pretreatment of corn stover and triticale straw at various pretreatment temperatures, a...