At the initial meeting of the AES, held in November 1927, among the resolutions passed, two were of particular significance. They were: 1. That the object of this Society be to promote the study and discussion of epidemiological problems. 2. That membership shall consist only of those active and interested in the study of epidemiology. Although the by-laws did not specify that unfinished work c...

We summarize the results from the rst ve years of a project aiming at identifying tractable classes of planning problems and investigate sources of computational diiculties in planning. The paper is a non-formal survey, including also historical remarks on the background of the project as well as discussion and motivation of the underlying assumptions, the methodology and the intended applicati...

Strangely enough, IFLA was itself born during the celebrations of another professional anniversary; that of the (British) Library Association. It was at the 50th anniversary conference, held in Edinburgh, of the second oldest library association in the world, that a resolution was passed which led to the establishment of what we now know and love as IFLA. So it is very appropriate that we retur...

It has been five years since the editorial "Avoiding Common Flaws in Stability and Compatibility Studies of Injectable Drugs" appeared in the American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. In the ensuing period, it is our perception that important and noteworthy improvements in reports of such studies have become the standard rather than the exception. Nevertheless, there is still substantial room for ...

Hydroinformatics emerged in 1991 when numerical modelling of water expanded its range from one that was restricted to the modelling of flows to a much wider ranging sociotechnical discipline that supports stakeholders in addressing their water-related problems. However, despite numerous advances in hydroinformatics, the current practical and research effort is still very much technocratic (or t...

The authors are members of the Open Medicine team. ➣ The launch of open Medicine five years ago combined traditional scholarly values with modern norms of open access to information. Those of us who had worked within the framework of conventional medical journal publishing had observed how editorial independence in scholarly publishing could be eroded by the influence of revenue-driven and prof...

The Civil Partnership Act 2004, which came into force in December 2005 allowing same-sex couples in the UK to register their relationship for the first time, celebrated its fifth anniversary in December 2010. This article examines civil partnership in England and Wales, five years on from its introduction. The characteristics of those forming civil partnerships between 2005 and 2010 including a...

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a severe form of extra pulmonary tuberculosis with high mortality and morbidity rate in all age group patients specific in adults and children. The incidence and prevalence are not exactly known in Iran. In this study, we tried to evaluate the role of rapid diagnosis and to find out the highest risk group patients.  Methods:Totally,...

under-five mortality rate is the probability per 1,000 that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if current age-specific mortality rates be continued. under-5 mortality, a millennium development goal indicator, is a leading indicator of child health and overall development. this indicator measures child survival. it also, reflects the social, economic and environmental conditions i...