Nested species subsets are a common pattern in many types of communities found in insular or fragmented habitats. Nestedness occurs in some communities of ectoparasites of fish, as does the exact opposite departure from random assembly, anti-nestedness. Here, we looked for nested and anti-nested patterns in the species composition of communities of internal parasites of 23 fish populations from...

Helminth parasites of teleost fish have evolved strategies to evade and manipulate the immune responses of their hosts. Responsiveness of fish host immunity to helminth antigens may therefore vary depending on the degree of host-parasite counter-adaptation. Generalist parasites, infective for a number of host species, might be unable to adapt optimally to the immune system of a certain host spe...

Records of mass fish deaths were found in different data sources for this study. A map Turkey was also realized the first time. We aimed to present a review distribution freshwater ecosystems Turkey, mostly Marmara Region and Aegean Sea Region, where there are intensive industrial agricultural activities. Fish parasites generally occur equilibrium with their hosts natural environments. In which...

Fish are often infected with different blood protozoa of the genera Babesiosoma, Trypanosoma, and Hemogrigarina. These parasites match which infect mammals. A total 120 samples from five fish species (Barbus grypus, Barbus sharpyi, Liza abu, Carasobarbus luteus, Aspius vorax) were collected Khazar River in Ninevah Governorate, Iraq at weekly intervals during period April 2022 to October for det...

The parasites that normally cause fish disease under farming condition possess a direct life cycle with no need to intermediate hosts for dissemination. The ensuing infection can therefore spread rapidly inducing more damaging lesions in the external parts of host especially the gills. In this study, in order to isolate and identify foreign parasites of phytophagous fish in Guilan province, 4 f...

A total of one hundred and twenty Clarias gariepinus comprising 30 dead and 30 live fishes were examined for protozoan parasites infestation, sixty each from the wild and a pond (cultured environment) over a period of six months. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis was the most common protozoan parasites found in C. gariepinus from the wild (River Benue) and cultured (pond) environments. These protozo...

The Esmoriz-Paramos is a lagoon of great ecological significance located on the Northwest coast of Portugal. The quality of water and sediment within this ecosystem has been gradually degraded due to the discharges of mostly untreated industrial waste and domestic sewage. Contaminants include heavy metals that can be taken up by fish from water, food, sediments, and suspended particulate materi...