The Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration (ELOHA) is a new framework for broadly assessing environmental flow needs when time or resource constraints preclude in-depth studies for all rivers in a region. The main steps of ELOHA are to: (1) build a hydrologic foundation, (2) characterize river types according to their flow regimes and geomorphic features, (3) compute present-day degrees of ...

Community ecology can link habitat to disease via interactions among habitat, focal hosts, other hosts, their parasites, and predators. However, complicated food web interactions (i.e., trophic interactions among predators and their impacts on host density and diversity) often obscure the important pathways regulating disease. Here, we disentangle community drivers in a case study of planktonic...

Background Patient, public, consumer, and community (P2C2) engagement in organization-, community-, and systemlevel healthcare decision-making is increasing globally, but its formal evaluation remains challenging. To define a taxonomy of possible P2C2 engagement metrics and compare existing evaluation tools against this taxonomy, we conducted a systematic review.   Methods A broad search strate...

dually flat finsler metrics form a special and valuable class of finsler metrics in finsler information geometry,which play a very important role in studying flat finsler information structure. in this paper, we prove that everylocally dually flat generalized randers metric with isotropic s-curvature is locally minkowskian.

Structural complexity, a form of habitat heterogeneity, influences the structure and function of ecological communities, generally supporting increased species density, richness, and diversity. Recent research, however, suggests the most complex habitats may not harbor the highest density of individuals and number of species, especially in areas with elevated human influence. Understanding nuan...

Headwaters in many watersheds in the midwestern United States are often dominated by ditches that are dredged to drain farmland and are maintained as homogeneous channels. These ditches may provide important headwater habitat for fish but are rarely managed as such. With reduced dredging, these ditches tend to stabilize their cross-sectional profile with patchy sediment deposits and plant growt...