Studies on health effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) have traditionally focused on particles <10 microm in diameter (PM10) or particles <2.5 microm in diameter (PM2.5). The coarse fraction of PM10, particles >2.5 microm, has only been studied recently. These particles have different sources and composition compared with PM2.5. This paper is based on a systematic review of studies that ...

in density due to particle content, the new elements which are continuously brought to the top of the cold wall are drawn from the top portion of the liquid and are of nearly uniform density. When A reaches its equilibrium depth, its downward flow is decelerated and it turns into the interior of the liquid, this motion being followed by the elements behind A. The equilibrium depth for A thus ac...

BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies find that long- and short-term exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. However, few systematic reviews or meta-analyses have synthesized these results. METHODS We reviewed epidemiologic studies that estimated the risks of nonfatal strokes attributable to ambient PM2.5. T...

in this research, the effect of bubble surface area flux, sb, and particle size on flotation rate constant, k, of pyrite (fes2) particles was studied using bubble-particle interactions. the bubble-particle collision, attachment and detachment efficiencies were calculated under different flow regimes. the k increased with increase in the collision efficiency and decrease in the detachment effici...

in this study, aluminum (al) matrix reinforced with micro-particles (30 µm) and nano-particles (50 nm) boron carbide (b4c) were used to prepare al-2.5%wt., b4c nano-composite and micro-composite, respectively, using mechanical alloying method. the mixed powders were mechanically milled at 5, 10, 15 and 20 hrs. the xrd results indicated that the crystallite sizes of both the micro-composite and ...

Considerable attention has been given to the health effects of ambient air borne particulate matter as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) revises the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Much of the recent focus has been on the effects of fine particles, with the establishment of additional monitoring platforms to measure both fine and coarse particles for epidemiological stud...

The present article provides an overview of the chemical and physical features of haze in China, focusing on the relationship between haze and atmospheric fine particles, and the formation mechanism of haze. It also summarizes several of control technologies and strategies to mitigate the occurrence of haze. The development of instruments and the analysis of measurements of ambient particles an...

Hyporheic flow in streams has typically been studied separately from geomorphic processes. We investigated interactions between bed mobility and dynamic hyporheic storage of solutes and fine particles in a sand-bed stream before, during, and after a flood. A conservatively transported solute tracer (bromide) and a fine particles tracer (5 μm latex particles), a surrogate for fine particulate or...

We have investigated behaviors of positively-charged fine particles in a cross-sheath between magnetized double plasmas with different potentials separated vertically by the horizontal magnetic field. In the sheath the charges on the particles become positive, because ion current flowing from a lower high-potential plasma surpasses electron current coming across the magnetic filed from an upper...