A sediment geoacoustic parameter estimation technique is described which compares bottom returns, measured by a calibrated monostatic sonar oriented within 15 degrees of vertical and having a 10 degree-21 degree beamwidth, with an echo envelope model based on high-frequency (10-100 kHz) incoherent backscatter theory and sediment properties such as: mean grain size, strength, and exponent of the...

Much attention has been directed recently to ultra-grain refining of metallic materials, where the grain size is reduced to less than 1 mm. It is expected that submicrometer grained structure would result in high strength and toughness at ambient temperature [1] as well as high strain rate or low temperature superplasticity at elevated temperatures [2,3]. It has been reported recently that ultr...

High temperature plastic flow properties of two phase TiAl alloys containing 45 to 49 at.%Al have been investigated in thermo-mechanically grain refined materials in order to clarify the favourable microstructure and chemical composition for TiAl based superplastic materials. Grain sizes of thermomechanical treated materials and their grain size stability during subsequent high temperature defo...

A PM approach is investigated in the context of extremely fine low temperature bainitic steels with a reasonable combination of ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation. The strategy consists of three steps. First, ball milling is used for mechanical alloying and to create a large density of interfaces prior to sintering. In the second step, spark plasma sintering is used as a rapid con...

AMSC dating and grain-size analysis for Core PC-6, located in the middle of a mud area on the inner shelf of the East China Sea (ECS), were used to rebuild the Holocene history of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM). The 7.5-m core recorded the history of environmental changes during the postglacial transgression. The coreTs mud section (the upper 450 cm) has been formed mainly by suspended se...

Grain structure control is challenging for metal additive manufacturing (AM). Grain structure optimization requires the control of grain morphology with grain size refinement, which can improve the mechanical properties of additive manufactured components. This work summarizes methods to promote fine equiaxed grains in both the additive manufacturing process and subsequent heat treatment. Influ...

We explore the area efficiency of a class of stream-based dataflow architectures as a function of the grain-size, for a given set of applications. We believe the grain-size is a key parameter in balancing flexibility and efficiency of this class of architectures. We apply a clustering approach on a well-defined set of applications to derive a set of processing elements of varying grain-sizes. T...

Evolvable Hardware arises as a promising solution for automatic digital synthesis of digital and analog circuits. During the last decade, a special interest has been focused on evolving digital systems by directly mapping a chromosome on the FPGA configuration bitstream. This approach allowed a great degree of flexibility for evolving circuits. Nowadays, FPGAs routing scheme does not allow doin...

Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) is an infrared spectroscopic method useful for compositional analysis of powdered samples. ATR-IR is frequently used for chemical phase ID, but is seldom used in geological studies. Because it is effective with small grain sizes, ATR-IR could be a powerful tool for in situ mineral identification on future planetary lander missions, especially for the analysis ...

Parallel iterative solvers are often the only means of solving large linear systems and eigenproblems. However, these solvers are usually implemented in a fine grain manner and, when scaled to large numbers of processors on MPP’s, can incur significant performance penalties due to synchronization overheads. This problem is exacerbated in clusters of workstations (COWs) and SMPs that are interco...