This study investigates the impact of energy consumption and financial development on economic growth using neo-classical production function in the case of US. The ARDL (Autoregressive distributed lag) bounds testing approach with additional variables (energy consumption and financial development) is used to investigate cointegration during the period of 1967-2012 in US. The ARDL reveals a coi...

However, in the case of deposits, the situation is more complex. At least two kinds of deposits should be distinguished: transferable deposits (“money”) and non-transferable deposits (“financial capital”). This is necessary because the services provided are different in both cases. Services provided in connection with “money” include, in principle, the transfer of these deposits in order to han...

Financial institutions are increasingly using economic capital models to help determine the amount of capital they need to absorb unexpected losses. These models typically aggregate capital based on business-level analysis. However, important challenges surround this aggregation as well as other aspects of these models. Supervisors could use these capital calculations when they assess capital a...

In advice given to emerging market economies (EMEs), it is often emphasised that having developed financial markets would both enable them to manage capital flows more efficiently, thereby reducing the need to intervene in the foreign exchange markets, and allow for more effective monetary policy. But despite their evident benefits, it is also the case that developed financial markets can compl...

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between wages, human capital and investment in financial assets with risky returns at the individual level. To explore this relationship from an international perspective, we analyse individual level data from the British Household Panel Survey, the German Socio-Economic Panel and the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Our findings suggest ...

The majority of OECD countries has experienced a reduction in the volatility of output during the last two decades. This period is also characterized by the liberalization of the capital accounts of these countries. This paper examines whether capital markets liberalization can lead to lower macroeconomic volatility. We study a business cycle model with multiple countries and financial market f...

We examine the relationship between real and financial integration. Real integration is measured by productivities of capital and labor from trade data for 1982 to 1997. Financial integration is measured by the black market exchange rate. We find more evidence of convergence to equality for returns to capital than for returns to labor. There is some support for associating the convergence of bl...

Thank you very much for providing us the opportunity to comment on the most recent package of consultative papers proposing revisions to the Basel Capital Accord (the “Proposal”). Capital One Financial Corporation, Falls Church, Virginia (together, with all of its subsidiaries and affiliates, "Capital One") is a holding company whose principal subsidiaries, Capital One Bank, Glen Allen, Virgini...

Reversal of financial market integration in Europe during the global financial crisis requires tools to measure and monitor banking sector stability. Banking sectors in Europe, especially in Central and Eastern countries, are characterized by a significant share of foreign capital and height level of concentration. This phenomenon may enhance the financial institutions to compete and probably t...

The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent to which the presence of positive externalities associated with public sector financial assistance to individual firms distorts standard methodologies designed to estimate the level of additionality. These positive externalities may include collaboration and international networking opportunities, information transfer, the freeing up of internal...