Several animal models of "depression" have been examined. One of them is chronic unpredictable stress (CUS)-induced deficit of fighting behavior in rats. In the present study, we compared the effects of two antidepressants (fluoxetine or fluvoxamine) and three anxiolytics (buspirone, lorazepam or oxazepam) on the electric footshock-induced fighting behavior in the pairs of male Wistar rats expo...

A 6-month-old male Old English Bulldog with Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) required general anaesthesia for surgical palliative treatment ToF whereby a shunt was placed between the left subclavian artery and pulmonary trunk to increase circulation (modified Blalock-Taussig shunt). Anaesthesia patient presents an anaesthetic challenge given four concurrent cardiac defects as well manoeuvres involved,...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the impact of the method of Gunshot Injury (GSI) (i.e. war injuries, stray bullets, and civilian fighting) on patient morbidity and mortality. STUDY DESIGN An observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Biostatistics Department of Al-Jalaa Hospital in Benghazi, Libya, from January to December 2011. METHODOLOGY Patients' records were analyzed with the method of gu...

In nineteenth century Great Britain, Thomas Henry Huxley [3] proposed connections between the development of organisms and their evolutionary histories, critiqued previously held concepts of homology, and promoted Charles Darwin?s theory of evolution [4]. Many called him Darwin?s Bulldog. Huxley helped professionalize and redefine British science. He wrote about philosophy, religion, and social...

Fish act aggressively towards their mirror image suggesting that they consider it another individual, whereas in some mammals behavioural response to mirrors may be an evidence of self-recognition. Since fish cannot self-recognize, we asked whether they could distinguish between fighting a mirror image and fighting a real fish. We compared molecular, physiological and behavioural responses in e...

The physical demands of rapid and economical running differ from those of physical fighting such that functional trade-offs may prevent simultaneous evolution of optimal performance in both behaviours. Here we test three hypotheses of functional trade-off by measuring determinants of limb musculoskeletal function in two breeds of domestic dogs that have undergone intense artificial selection fo...

This paper proposes an optimization algorithm based on how human fight and learn from each duelist. Since this algorithm is based on population, the proposed algorithm starts with an initial set of duelists. The duel is to determine the winner and loser. The loser learns from the winner, while the winner try their new skill or technique that may improve their fighting capabilities. A few duelis...

Levels of three adrenal catecholamine synthesizing enzymes and isolation-induced fighting behavior were studied in two related sublines of the Balb/c inbred mouse strain. Enzyme levels were twice as high in the adrenals of Balb/cJ mice as in those of the Balb/cN mice; heterozygous progeny were intermediate between their parents in the levels of the three enzymes. These sublines also showed mark...