This paper considers the popular but questionable technique of ‘round-trip translation’ (RTT) as a means of evaluating free on-line Machine Translation systems. Two experiments are reported, both relating to common requirements of lay-users of MT on the web. In the first we see whether RTT can accurately predict the overall quality of the MT system. In the second, we ask whether RTT can predict...

In this paper, high-power electric propulsion options are surveyed in the context of cargo and piloted missions to Mars. A low-thrust trajectory optimization program (raptor) is utilized to analyze this mission. Candidate thrusters are chosen based upon demonstrated performance in the laboratory. Hall, self-field magnetoplasmadynamic (MPDT), self-field lithium Lorentz force accelerator (LiLFA),...

Discriminative training for machine translation has been well studied in the recent past. A limitation of the work to date is that it relies on the availability of high-quality in-domain bilingual text for supervised training. We present an unsupervised discriminative training framework to incorporate the usually plentiful target-language monolingual data by using a rough “reverse” translation ...

Despite its importance, the first image rarely figures in theories of international relations. Two conventional wisdoms explain this neglect: first, that the first image does not matter; second, that our epistemological or methodological predilections limit our ability to theorize it. Neither is true. I argue that we neglect the first image not because it is difficult to quantify or study rigor...

the caucasus art research group consists of four researchers who attempt to make use of discovery method in order to identify and introduce some aspects of caucasian civilization viaan 18-day trip to this region. this paper is an analytical statement extracted from art research group in this trip. the overall strategy of the group is postulated in a way that prevents from addressing the many ar...