By favoring the L-peak emission over the bremsstrahlung part, direct quasi-monochromatic soft x-ray emission has been obtained with a field emission (FE) x-ray source. The electron impact x-ray setup uses an arrayed cathode of carbon nanopearl FE tips as a stable cold electron source within a vacuum of 10(-6)-10(-7) Torr. The high brightness of the FE e-beam coupled with the array structure of ...

In recent years, the developments in the OLEDs have gradually reached very advantageous of existence. These advantageous characteristics include self-luminous, wide viewing angle and low power consumption, etc. which make OLEDs very useful for numerous display applications and lighting devices. To effectively improve the characteristics of an OLEDs, there are many ways to be adopted. Such as: (...

Large area patterned boron nanocones with low turn-on electric field of 2.8 V microm(-1) and low threshold electric field of 3.8 V microm(-1) were synthesized by a pre-manipulation to pattern the catalyst with a grid template as mask. The good field emission performance of patterned boron nanocones arise from the decreased screening effect and a favorable orientation of the nanocones. These res...

We report on strongly enhanced electron multiplication in thin silicon membranes. The device is configured as a transmission-type membrane for electron multiplication. A subthreshold electric field applied on the emission side of the membrane enhances the number of electrons emitted by two orders of magnitude. This enhancement stems from field emitted electrons stimulated by the incident partic...

SnCl4/nano-sawdust was prepared as a carbohydrate-based catalyst containing of tin bearing cellulose units. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The catalyst was applied successfully as a readily available, inexpensive, biodeg...

Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) was introduced in the early 1970s, shortly after the appearance of the first commercial scanning electron microscopes. This technique has been utilized widely in plant biology, the food and paper industry, X-ray analytical studies, and material sciences (8). Major advantages of cryoSEM include being able to avoid deleterious changes associa...

We present a statistical analysis of network and internetwork properties in the photosphere and the chromosphere. For the first time we simultaneously observed (a) the four Stokes parameters of the photospheric iron line pair at 630.2 nm and (b) the intensity profile of the Ca H line at 396.8 nm. The vector magnetic field was inferred from the inversion of the iron lines. We aim at an understan...

This article reviews the use of gyroresonance emission at radio wavelengths to measure coronal magnetic fields. The spiralling motion of electrons in the 200– 2000 G fields in the solar corona produces sufficient opacity to render the corona optically thick, making it easy to recognize such sources in microwave images from their coronal brightness temperatures. Where gyroresonance sources are p...

Field emission has been reported to occur at much lower fields in carbon based thin film systems than from any other material systems. The emission has been shown to depend on the various material parameters, but whichever carbon based system is used, it is found that emission occurs at localised sites rather than uniformly over the entire surface. Carbon films with mixed sp3 sp2 bonding, like ...

An efficient computational scheme based on the first-principles pseudopotential method is proposed for the electron emission from nanostructures under an applied electric field. The emission rate of the electron through the potential barrier is calculated by integrating the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the states residing initially inside the emitter. Our approach takes into account ...