BACKGROUND Pesticide consumption is increasing in Bolivia as well as pest resistance, pesticide poisonings and pollution of the environment. This survey evaluates the training of small holder farmers on pesticide handling and ecological alternatives to reduce the negative pesticide effects. METHOD A baseline survey was performed in 2002 and follow-up surveys in 2004 and 2009. Farmers were sel...

This work focuses on the B2B interaction between a service requester and a service provider in a healthcare environment. The requester is the primary caregiver responsible for managing the health of a population of patients. When a patient requires advanced care outside the requester’s expertise, the requester refers the patient to a provider and pays for the referral services. Treatment may su...

To achieve the most energy-efficient operation, this brief presents a circuit design technique for separating the power supply voltage (VDD) of flip-flops (FFs) from that of combinational circuits, called the higher voltage FF (HVFF). Although VDD scaling can reduce the energy, the minimum operating voltage (VDDmin) of FFs prevents the operation at the optimum supply voltage that minimizes the ...

PURPOSE As an alternative to the existing fee-for-service (FFS) system, a diagnosis-related group (DRG)-based payment system has been suggested. The aim of this study was to investigate the early results of pediatric appendicitis treatment under the DRG system, focusing on health care expenditure and quality of health care services. PATIENTS AND METHODS The medical records of 60 patients, 30 ...

the present study was conducted in the central region of khyber pakhtunkhwa (kpk), pakistan comprising seven districts: peshawar, charsadda, nowshera, mardan, swabi, kohat and hangu, during 2010. the objective was to analyze the perceived effect of farmer field school (ffs) approach on farmers’ capacity in controlling pre- and post- harvest losses. descriptive statistics were used to analyze th...

We propose radiation-hardened flip-flops (FFs) based on the adaptive coupling FF (ACFF) with low dynamic power and short delay overheads in a 65 nm Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator (FDSOI) process. We designed four FFs composed of the master latch with PMOS pass-transistors to reduce delay time overheads and the slave latch with stacked transistors for high soft-error tolerance. We evaluated...

In this paper, we discuss solving the DLP over GF (36·97) by using the function field sieve (FFS) for breaking paring-based cryptosystems using the ηT pairing over GF (3 ). The extension degree 97 has been intensively used in benchmarking tests for the implementation of the ηT pairing, and the order (923-bit) of GF (3 6·97) is substantially larger than the previous world record (676-bit) of sol...

Recent policy discussions by the Medicare Payment Advisory Commission (MedPAC) regarding physician prices in the traditional fee-for-service (FFS) Medicare Program reflect movement toward a market pricing model. Earlier objectives such as sustainable levels of spending have given way to concerns over the relationship between fees and actual costs, access to care, and the importance of demand an...

professor naoki ikegami’s “fee-for-service payment – an evil practice that must be stamped out” summarizes many of the failings of alternatives to fee-for-service (ffs) payment systems. his article also offers several suggestions for improving ffs systems. however, even powerful arguments against many of the alternatives to ffs, does not make a convincing argument for ffs systems. in addition, ...

A new interpretation of the basic vector of the free Fock space (FFS) and the FFS is proposed. The approximations to various equations with additional parameters, for n-point information (n-pi), are also considered in the case of non-polynomial nonlinearities.