unexpected extreme sudden traumatic stressor may cause post-traumatic stress disorder (ptsd). important traumatic events include war, violent personal assault ( e.g. , sexual assault, and physical attack), being taken hostage or kidnapped, confinement as a prisoner of war, torture, terrorist attack, severe car accidents, and natural disasters. in childhood age sexual abuse or witnessing serious...

A 2-week-old female calf was referred to the Clinic for Ruminants at the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Berne, Switzerland, with difficulty standing and muscle tremors since birth. Prior treatment by the private veterinarian with selenium, calcium, magnesium, and vitamins had not led to any improvement. The general status at arrival to the clinic was slightly reduced, though the calf was aler...

ôbjective: ço-morbidity of personality disorders with illicit drug abuse has a deleterious effect on the management outcome of both conditions. this study was conducted to assess the prevalence of different personality disorders among substance dependent patients in an ïranian city (ïsfahan) with a view to have a better understanding of various management strategies. methods: â total of 368 dif...

tics are sudden, recurrent and stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations. dopamine blockers are the main pharmacological agents used in the management of tics. opioid antagonists have been reported to have been effective in the management of tics. in this article, two patients with chronic motor tic disorder are reported, whose symptoms were disappeared by using opioid substances.

background preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. objectives the aim of this study was to determine the laboratory disorders in neonates born to preeclamptic mothers. patients and methods this descriptive-retrospective study was conducted in the neonatal units of shahid beheshti and shabihkhani hospitals on neonates born to preeclamptic mothers du...

melas syndrome is a mitochondrial disorder with progressive nature, because adequate treatment is not available. diagnosis of this mitochondrial disorder depends initially on clinical suspicion, which is strengthened by additional metabolic evidence of impaired oxidative metabolism such as high serum or c.s.f. lactate levels and confirmed by demonstration of mitochondrial abnormalities-in muscl...

conclusions the incidence of pocd was not significantly influenced by a bolus dose of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) after orthopedic surgery in elderly patients. there were no negative effects of ketamine on early pocd. results the two groups had similar demographic characteristics except for the gender. surgical and anesthetic data were not significantly different. a statistically significant differenc...