Optimization of a fed-batch fermentation process is usually done using the calculus of variations to determine an optimal feed rate profile. The obtained optimal feed rate profile consists of sequences of maximum, minimum and singular feed rates. The optimal feed rate control of a primary metabolite process was studied and a biomass production was used as an example. A simple material balance m...

YeastCandida bombicola is known to produce sophorolipids from a variety of saccharic and lipidic feed-stocks. In the current study, the influence f fatty acid carbon chain length, unsaturation, source of low-cost industrial lipid feed-stocks, and nickel content in lipid feed-stocks on sophorolipid roduction by C. bombicola were investigated. Saturated and monounsaturated C18 fatty acid gave the...

This paper presents a research to develop and evaluate a PDA-based feeding support system for Indoor Intensive Culturing. Based on analysis of the feed fed The impact of various factors, the establishment of a knowledge base and fed feed the database, building a model of aquaculture feed formulation and decision-making model fed feed, feed formula to achieve the design, the volume of feeding, f...

Hollow-waveguide slot array antennas [1] have been widely used in the milli-meter band since they do have neither radiation loss nor dielectric loss. Furthermore, they have been developed especially for military application such as radars. For commercial application such as fixed wires access system, mass production at low cost has been required and single layer hollow-waveguide slot array ante...

There are many inputs into the dairy replacement herd which impact not only on the cost of rearing heifers from birth to first calving, but also on their future longevity and production potential. This study determined the current cost of rearing dairy heifers in the UK through the calculation and analysis of individual costs on a subset of 102 UK dairy farms. Each farm was visited and an exten...

This paper presents the design and fabrication of proximity coupled feed disk resonator coated with Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) and Polypyrrole-Chitosan (PPy-CHI) layers as a napropamide sensor. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio was used to obtain the best design of disk resonator and feed line position in 5 GHz resonant frequency. Also, MWCNTs - PPy-CHI layers we...

A total of 399 crossbred ewes born in 2 yr were maintained either on irrigated or dryland hill pastures. The ewes were sired by North Country Cheviot, Dorset, Finnsheep or Romney rams mated to Suffolk or Columbia-type ewes. The crossbred ewes were mated to Hampshire rams throughout the study and had the opportunity for either 4 or 5 yr of production. Annual feed cost was calculated based upon e...

Results: The study showed wide variation across different farm sizes with respect to total economic cost and net return per 100 lb (45.4 kg) of live hog produced. The total economic cost was negatively correlated (r = -.318, P = .016) and net return was positively correlated (r = .336, P = .011) with farm size. The average net return for large herds (> 75 sows) was higher (P =.003) than for sma...

Feed is the largest single cost of producing beef. Producers who have access to alternative feeds often have economic advantages due to the lower costs of production. However, alternative feeds can present challenges due to variable consistency, variable supply, potential toxicants, and unusual composition. Rice straw, a by-product of the rice grain industry in Northern California, is a potenti...