Lay, T., and Wallace, T. C., 1995. Modern global seismology. San Diego: Academic, p. 521. Reid, H. F., 1910. Themechanism of the earthquake. In The California Earthquake of April 19, 1906, Report of the State Earthquake Investigation Commission, 2. Washington, DC: Carnegie Institution, p. 192. Scholz, C. H., 1990. The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,...

This paper presents structural evidence of extensional activity in Central Alborz during Mesozoic. The structural evidence of homogenous early stage stretching such as layer-parallel to oblique boudinage of Permian and Triassic rocks in various portions of the study area accompanied by extensional-fibrous fractures were followed with more advanced extensional features. These extensional structu...

Various mechanisms have been proposed for the dynamic cause and kinematic development of gneiss domes. They include (1) diapiric fl ow induced by density inversion, (2) buckling under horizontal constriction (i.e., extension perpendicular to compression), (3) coeval orthogonal contraction or superposition of multiple phases of folding in different orientations, (4) instability induced by vertic...

[1] The Transantarctic Mountains (TAM) define the western flank of the West Antarctic rift system. Cape Surprise, near the Shackleton Glacier in the central TAM, is the only location along the range’s >3500 km length where upper Paleozoic Beacon Supergroup strata are down-faulted to near sea level. Previous studies have inferred a range front master normal fault accommodates extension and rock ...

We study the physical processes controlling the development and evolution of normal faults by analyzing numerical experiments of extension of an ideal two-dimensional elastic-plastic (brittle) layer floating on an inviscid fluid. The yield stress of the layer is the sum of the layer cohesion and its frictional stress. Faults are initiated by a small plastic flaw in the layer. We get finite faul...

Crustal extension at mature continental rifts and oceanic ridges occurs by a combination of normal faulting and magma injection, which interact to create rift morphology. Quantifying the relative roles of faulting and melt intrusion in accommodating extension at magmatic rifts remains difficult and requires studies at sufficient spatial and temporal scales to resolve the interaction between the...

Seismicity was monitored beneath the Krafla central volcano, NE Iceland, between 2009 and 2012 during a period of volcanic quiescence, when most earthquakes occured within the shallow geothermal field. The highest concentration of earthquakes is located close to the rock-melt transition zone as the IDDP-1 wellbore suggests, and decays quickly at greater depths. We recorded multiple swarms of mi...

In some subsurface urban development projects, bedrock faults intersecting with the tunnel path are inevitable. Due to high costs of it is necessary study behavior such concrete structures under fault movement risks. Using an advanced 3D numerical finite difference code and a plastic hardening constitutive model for soil, this paper examined performance straight oblique segmented Tabriz Subway ...