Smallholder farms’ populations are characterized by their heterogeneity giving the diversity of livelihood settings. Integrated farming system modelling therefore requires a preliminary clear identification farm types in location and for given population. This study aims to formulate empirically agricultural (ALS) typology purpose integrated modeling smallholder systems West African dryla...

The present study was conducted in Jhansi District of Uttar Pradesh .. Acknowledging the limited time, money, resources and employment stability Mustard .Totally 100 respondents were selected interviewed. Primary data collected through interview method, a number different schedules prepared for that purpose.For collections primary data, purpose. information obtained from discussion with traders...

There are significant costs associated with reproductive inefficiency in pasture-based dairy herds. This study has quantified the economic effect of a number of key variables associated with reproductive inefficiency in a dairy herd and related them to 6-week calving rate for both cows and heifers. These variables include: increased culling costs, the effects of sub optimum calving dates, incre...

Abstract Farmers' technological choices take place within farming systems that are shaped by population pressure, connectivity to urban markets and agro‐ecological conditions. The relationship between these drivers agricultural technology use is ambiguous. On the one hand, growth can increase supply of labour, driving down wage rates reducing incentives for mechanisation. other rural–urban move...

Purpose This paper examines the potential of “biomarkers” to provide immutable identification for food products (chocolate), providing traceability and visibility in supply chain from retail product back farm. Design/methodology/approach research uses qualitative data collection, including fieldwork at cocoa farms chocolate manufacturers Ecuador Netherlands semi-structured interviews with indus...

The technique of the processor farm has become very widely used for paral lelising applications often being mentioned without reference to any source The goal of this work has been to put together a complete and rigorous un derstanding of what the technique can be used for and what is needed in order to arrive at an e ciently farmed application This paper consists of these two parts We have sho...