Land-tenure security is integral to local communities’ socioeconomic development. It has been a center of debate in academia and for legislators advocates implement reforms enhance efficient sustainable development land management. Yet, knowledge gaps remain how various contract-farming regimes contribute land-improvement investment technical efficiency. This study used data set 650 farm househ...

As with all aspects of business and the economy, information security is an economic function. Security can be modeled as a maintenance or insurance cost as a relative function but never in absolute terms. As such, security can be seen as a cost function that leads to the prevention of loss, but not one that can create gains (or profit). With the role of a capital investment to provide a return...

With over 14 million hectares allocated, Vietnam’s forest and forestland allocation has been one of the largest natural resource decentralization programs in developing world last three decades. Given this remarkable achievement, critics are concerned about low rates household tree planting investment question roles effects land institutions on investment. Using nested logit ordered probit mode...

The interdependency of information security risks often induces firms to invest inefficiently in information technology security management. Cyberinsurance has been proposed as a promising solution to help firms optimize security spending. However, cyberinsurance is ineffective in addressing the investment inefficiency caused by risk interdependency. In this paper, we examine two alternative ri...

Hosts (or nodes) in the Internet often face epidemic risks such as virus and worms attack. Despite the awareness of these risks and the importance of network/system security, investment in security protection is still scare, and hence epidemic risk is still prevalent. Deciding whether to invest in security protection is an interdependent process: security investment decision made by one node ca...

We estimate the role of private investments in irrigation in farm productivity growth in West Bengal, India between 1982-95. Using a state-wide farm panel, we find falling irrigation costs generated significant growth in value added per acre for farms. However, changes in irrigation capacity and costs were stimulated by tenancy registration programs implemented by local governments. This helps ...

This chapter surveys economic approaches for security metrics, among which we could identify two main areas of research. One has its roots in investment and decision theory and is mainly pursued in the field of information technology-oriented business administration. It has yielded a number of quantitative metrics that can be applied as guidelines in investment decisions as well as for the eval...

The economic transition in Eastern Europe and the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) during the last decade has profoundly changed the agricultural sector and the well-being of people in rural areas. Farm ownership changed; selected farm assets, including livestock, were transferred to farm workers or others, and the social and service structures of rural society are in a state o...

In Germany politics and consumers ask for the implementation of more animal welfare. So far there are no bio economic models available to calculate animal welfare measures on the farm management level. Experiments on animal welfare often result in limited data for farm management analysis. In this article the economic effects of measures for animal welfare using stochastic simulations are analy...