this article deals with budgets social of and health cares and social security during the last two decades and brings their its influence on social welfare into consideration. the author lays emphasis on an increasing growth in social expenditures after the islamic revolution of iran. the author continues discussing credibility ratio from gdp and sets up a series of analyses, and comes to this ...

Health Affairs is a multidisciplinary, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the serious exploration of domestic and international health policy issues. Health Affairs (ISSN: 0278-2715, electronic ISSN: 1544-5208) is published monthly by Project HOPE, 7500 Old Georgetown Road, Suite 600, Bethesda, MD 20814-6133. ©2014 by Project HOPE — The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc. Periodicals-class...

Empirical research suggests that most corporate consumer affairs departments are not a part of the decision-making structure of their respective firms. The typical consumer affairs department appears to have little influence in management decisions that affect consumer satisfaction and welfare. As a result, it is of limited value for the consumer. A reason for the isolation of consumer affairs ...

Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Healthcare System and Stanford University School of Medicine (affiliate), Palo Alto, California; Division of Gastroenterology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; University of California at San Francisco, Ve...