The relations between angiographic manifestations and operative findings of hemifacial spasm were studied in 70 cases between 1988 and 2001. Vertebral angiography was performed, and Towne, straight AP, and lateral projections were routinely examined. The dominant anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) directly compressed the facial nerve root exit zone in 26 cases, the dominant posterior in...

Soft tissue augmentation in hemifacial microsomia patients is a challenging procedure. Free microvascular flap transfer is considered usually as the most accepted choice. On the other hand, bone grafting, simultaneous with facial soft tissue augmentation using de-epithelialized orthograde submental flap, is a suggested procedure. Moreover, preoperative evaluation of facial artery and anterior b...

A variant of the columellar artery (CoA), also known as the nasal septal branch of the superior labial artery of the facial artery, and its unusual direct anastomosis with the right infraorbital artery were identified in a cadaveric dissection. Numerous variants and distribution patterns of the CoA have been described in the literature. However, an oblique and a third CoA variant that anastomos...

BACKGROUND Trifurcation of the common carotid artery is an unusual variation. CASE REPORT We report a case of left common carotid artery trifurcation in a 74-year-old man. The left common carotid artery divided into the internal carotid, external carotid and facial arteries. Herein, the anatomy of the carotid arteries and the Doppler sonography and CT angiography findings of the left common c...

BACKGROUND Classical flaps for perinasal defect reconstruction, such as forehead or nasolabial flaps, have some disadvantages involving limitations of the arc of rotation and two stages of surgery. However, a perforator-based flap is more versatile and allows freedom in flap design. We introduced our experience with reconstruction using a facial artery perforator-based propeller flap on the per...