We document that government spending multipliers depend on the population age structure. Using variation in military and birth rates across US states, we show local fiscal multiplier is 1.5 increases with share of young people, implying 1.1–1.9 interquartile range. A parsimonious life cycle open economy New Keynesian model credit market imperfections age-specific differences labor supply demand...

Abstract To investigate the mechanism of fault slips in coal mines, a biaxial shear experiment was carried out under unloading condition based on F16 Yima city, China. Two rock samples were used and each sample composed two triangular sandstone blocks which put together to simulate fault. One do slip tests it called slip-test sample. The other for comparison with one untested, named non-slip-te...

Within the current climate context, freshwater resources have become scarce. Agriculture, especially in rain-fed conditions, should deal with need of increasing yields to contribute food security under limiting water availability. Exploring underutilized crops such as Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa) has a unique opportunity some these possess ability tolerate several abiotic stresses, including dro...

Ely, Daniel, Michael Herman, Lawrence Ely, Linda Barrett, and Amy Milsted. Sodium intake is increased by social stress and the Y chromosome and reduced by clonidine. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 278: R407–R412, 2000.—The objectives were to determine 1) if female rats have higher Na intake than males and if social stress increases Na intake, 2) if the sympathetic nervous...

The aim of the present study was to develop Exemestane loaded polymeric nanoparticles for improved oral bioavailability of Exemestane. Exemestane loaded nanoparticles were prepared by solvent displacement method with Eudragit RL 100 and Eudragit L 100 as polymers and Pluronic® F-68 as surfactant. The influence of various formulation factors (drug: polymer ratio and concentration of surfactant) ...

Background Betahistine dihydrochloride (BDH) is a histamine analog used to control weight gain, with short elimination half-life and gastric irritation as side effects. Objective The aim of the current investigation is to formulate and optimize a topical BDH ethosomal gel for weight gain control. Materials and methods Box-Behnken design was applied to study the effect of independent variabl...

This paper constructs an equilibrium matching model with risk-averse workers and incomplete markets that can be used to study both the optimal private provision of severance pay and the allocational and welfare consequences of government intervention mandating payments in excess of the private optimum. A binding mandate decreases equilibrium employment if unemployment benefits are not too respo...

Self-Employment: A Way to End Unemployment? Empirical Evidence from German Pseudo-Panel Data This paper contributes to the policy-relevant question whether self-employment is a way out of (long-term) unemployment. We estimate the relationship between the entry rate into selfemployment and previous (long-term) unemployment on the basis of pseudo-panel data for Germany in the period 1996-2002. Th...

This paper reports on a two-tiered experiment designed to separately identify the selection and effort margins of pay for performance (P4P). At recruitment stage, teacher labor markets were randomly assigned “pay-for-percentile” or fixed-wage contract. Once recruits placed, an unexpected, incentive-compatible, school-level re-randomization was performed so that some teachers who applied contrac...