Drug delivery across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) has several challenges, especially toward targeting neurological diseases, due to tight and selective function of BBB. Several structural functional components this contribute restricting drug entry, such as interendothelial junctions (TJs), efflux transporters, drug-metabolizing enzymes, crosstalk between cells neurovascular unit. Among differ...

An initial modeling approach was applied to analyze how a single, nonmotile, free-living, heterotrophic bacterial cell may optimize the deployment of its extracellular enzymes. Free-living cells live in a dilute and complex substrate field, and to gain enough substrate, their extracellular enzymes must be utilized efficiently. The model revealed that surface-attached and free enzymes generate u...

The growth and productivity of ruminants depends on a complex microbial community found in their fore-stomach (rumen), which is able to breakdown plant polysaccharides and ferment the released sugars. Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus B316T is a Gram-positive polysaccharide-degrading, butyrate-producing bacterium that is present at high numbers in the rumen of animals consuming pasture or grass sila...

The genus Trichoderma includes species of great biotechnological value, both for their mycoparasitic activities and for their ability to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. Although activity of extracellular laccase has previously been reported in Trichoderma spp., the possible number of isoenzymes is still unknown, as are the structural and functional characteristics of both the genes an...

Microbes attach in pickle leather, wet blue and upper shoeleather have been identified to positive profile produce extracellular protease enzymes with pH values of acidic basic on 15% gelatin 2% commercial skimmed milk as substrates. Defective tanned leather was added a microbial growth solution enriched substrate incubated for 7 days at room temperature an open rotary shaker 120 rpm then store...

We propose and study computationally a novel non-local multiscale moving boundary mathematical model for tumour oncolytic virus (OV) interactions when we consider the go or grow hypothesis cancer dynamics. This spatio-temporal focuses on two cell phenotypes that can be infected with OV remain uninfected, which either move in response to extracellular-matrix (ECM) den...

Land-use change and climatic variability are significant drivers for the loss of ecosystem services soil quality in prairie pothole region (PPR) wetland systems. induced changes groundwater table salinity may influence biogeochemical processes facilitated by extracellular enzymes (EEs) involved organic matter (SOM) decomposition. The effects changing on β-glucosidase (BG), N-acetyl glucosaminid...