Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environments, in particular environments where students share external representations, are discussed as an interesting area to applications of cognitive load theory (CLT). CSCL environments share a number of characteristics that will induce considerable cognitive load. This article reflects on characteristics of CSCL environments and external re...

Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environments, particularly environments where students share external representations, are discussed as an interesting area for the application of cognitive load theory (CLT). CSCL environments share a number of characteristics that will induce considerable cognitive load. This article reflects on the characteristics of CSCL environments and exte...

Molecular dynamics simulations of ultrathin water film confined between atomically flat rigid diamond plates are described. Films with thickness of one and two molecular diameters are concerned and TIP4P model is used for water molecules. Dynamical and equilibrium characteristics of the system for different values of the external load and shear force are investigated. An increase of the externa...

Non-processive molecular motors have to work together in ensembles in order to generate appreciable levels of force or movement. In skeletal muscle, for example, hundreds of myosin II molecules cooperate in thick filaments. In non-muscle cells, by contrast, small groups with few tens of non-muscle myosin II motors contribute to essential cellular processes such as transport, shape changes, or m...

We present numerical simulations of the dynamics of two-dimensional Josephson junction arrays to study the mechanism of mutual phase locking. We show that in the presence of an external magnetic field two mechanisms are playing a role in phase locking: feedback through the external load and internal coupling between rows due to microwave currents induced by the field. We have found the paramete...

In this paper, an Adaptive Neural Network Sliding Mode Controller (ANNSMC) design approach is proposed. Sliding mode control method is studied for controlling DC motor because of its robustness against model uncertainties and external disturbances, and also its ability in controlling nonlinear and MIMO systems. The main drawback of SMC is a phenomenon, the so-called chattering, which can excite...

Variation of hydrochemical conditions, with special reference to adequacy of waters as fish habitats, was traced based on selected hydrochemical parameters obtained during the studies conducted from February 2013 till February 2014 year. The results were compared with earlier studies. The sources of organic pollution were identified, and the effect of biogenic substances on the biomass, as well...

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the impact of load on the power-, force- and velocity-time curves during the jump squat. The analysis of these curves for the entire movement at a sampling frequency of 200-500 Hz averaged across 18 untrained male subjects is the most novel aspect of this study. Jump squat performance was assessed in a randomized fashion across five different ext...

Energy principles are used to investigate the adhesion of two parallel thin cylindrical shells under external compressive and tensile loads. The total energy of the system is found by adding the strain energy of the deformed cylinder, the potential energy of the external load, and the surface energy of the adhesion interface. The elastic solution is obtained by linear elastic plate theory and a...

BACKGROUND Nowadays, a large number of students experience spinal pain quite early in life due to heavy school bag loads. Moreover, external forces in the form of school bags may influence the normal growth, development of children and adolescents, and also maintenance of alignment of their bodies, which can pose a huge threat to postural integrity under external load. Awareness about the appro...