Mismanagement of routing and deliveries between sites of the same company or toward external sites leads to consequences in the cost of transport. When shipping alternatives exist, the selection of the appropriate shipping alternative (mode) for each shipment may result in significant cost savings. In this paper, the authors examine a class of vehicle routing in which a fixed internal fleet is ...

This paper deals with leader-following and leaderless consensus problems of high-order multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) multi-agent systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics in the presence of uncertain external disturbances. The agents may have different dynamics and communicate together under a directed graph. A distributed adaptive method is designed for both cases. The structures of the contro...

This paper puts forward a real-time angular tracking (motion capture) system for a low cost upper limb exosuit based on sensor fusion; which is integrated by an elastic sleeve-mitten, two inertial measurement units (IMU), two flex sensors and a wireless communication system. The device can accurately detect the angular position of the shoulder (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction and interna...

3⁄4 In order to accomplish a high speed test on low speed Automatic Test Equipment (ATE), a new instruction based, fully programmable memory, Built-in Self-Test (BIST) is proposed. The proposed memory BIST generates a high speed internal clock signal by multiplying the external low speed clock signal from the ATE. For maximum programmability and small area overhead, the proposed BIST receives t...

Internalizing of external costs leads la a beller allocation of economic resources, and so to an improvement of welfare. However, if the external effects that can be quantified and monetized are added to the internal costs, the cost relations between different electricity generation systems are not necessarily changed. Of course, the underlying assumptions (like dose-response relationships) are...

Why do people create extra representations to help them make sense of situations, diagrams, illustrations, instructions and problems? The obvious explanation— external representations save internal memory and computation—is only part of the story. I discuss seven ways external representations enhance cognitive power: they change the cost structure of the inferential landscape; they provide a st...

A priority queue is a fundamental data structure that maintains a dynamic ordered set of keys and supports the followig basic operations: insertion of a key, deletion of a key, and finding the smallest key. The complexity of the priority queue is closely related to that of sorting: A priority queue can be used to implement a sorting algorithm trivially. Thorup [11] proved that the converse is a...

The production of equipment and materials used for transportation facilities and services can have significant environmental effects. Considerable effort is expended to reduce such effects as efficiently and effectively as possible. In this paper, we estimate external environmental costs resulting from the production of common transportation equipment, materials, and services. These external co...

introduction: intraoperative radiation therapy device (iort) is one of the several options for partial breast irradiation. iort is sent to the tumor bed during surgery and can be replaced with conventional standard therapy (ebrt). the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of iort machine compared with ebrt and to determine the dominant option in terms of the cost-effect...