When evaluating of the senior manager’s performance is based on the achieving to budget and they have responsibility to report the capacity of resources which are in their part too; it is possible to create budget slack and effect on their performance evaluation by providing pessimistic and conservatively estimates or manipulated information of income and expenses. So, Senior Manager and Budget...

Due to the particular importance of projects in human life and in organizations, proper project management has been always regarded highly by researchers and practitioners. Recent advances in technology and fundamental changes in most scientific areas have affected projects and made their nature and environmental circumstances much more complex than in the past. Fortunately, in recent years, ma...

introduction: hospital managers, as one of the most important health care workers, are the subject of continuous education. in some countries around the world, health management education is an important part of health reforms. the aim of present research is to perform evidence-based studies based on assessing hospital managers’ needs. therefore, it should be considered that educational need as...

introduction: the aim of this study is to examine the hospital manager’s job in order to identify their educational needs in esfahan in 1382. to do so, first, we tried to become familiar with the current situation by using the experiences of hospital managers in esfahan and then we made an attempt to determine the optimal situation by asking the views of management specialists. finally, the two...

background and objectives: effective communication between managers and staff is a prerequisite to organization success. cultural competence is key to effective communication. the aim of this study was to survey cultural competence in managers of selected hospitals.   methods: twenty teaching hospital managers and four private hospital managers of senior level participated in the study. data we...

1. Introduction The Personal Data Manager (PDM) is a simple database system for personal computers. PDM is intended to provide personal information management capabilities for the large class of personal computer users who are not computer experts, and who have no programming experience. PDM simply attempts to make a personal computer serve as an extension of its user's memory. PDM is based on ...