A search technique locating network modules, i.e. internally densely connected groups of nodes in directed networks is introduced by extending the clique percolation method originally proposed for undirected networks. After giving a suitable definition for directed modules we investigate their percolation transition in the Erdős–Rényi graph both analytically and numerically. We also analyse fou...

The so called dense pairings were studied mainly by D. Radford in his work on coreflexive coalegbras over fileds [Rad73]. They were generalized in [G-T98] and [AG-TL2001] to the so called rational pairings over commutative ground rings to study the interplay between the comodules of an R-coalgebra C and the modules of an R-algebra A that admits an R-algebra morphism κ : A −→ C∗. Such pairings, ...

We develop some basic functorial techniques for the study of the categories of comodules over corings. In particular, we prove that the induction functor stemming from every morphism of corings has a left adjoint, called ad-adjoint functor. This construction generalizes the known adjunctions for the categories of Doi-Hopf modules and entwining structures. The separability of the induction and a...

In this paper, the notion of fully idempotent modules is defined and it is shown that this notion inherits most of the essential properties of the usual notion of von Neumann's regular rings. Furthermore, we introduce the dual notion of fully idempotent modules (that is, fully coidempotent modules) and investigate some properties of this class of modules.

The cerebral nuclei form the ventral division of the cerebral hemisphere and are thought to play an important role in neural systems controlling somatic movement and motivation. Network analysis was used to define global architectural features of intrinsic cerebral nuclei circuitry in one hemisphere (association connections) and between hemispheres (commissural connections). The analysis was ba...

For a ring R, call a class C of R-modules (pure-) mono-correct if for any M,N ∈ C the existence of (pure) monomorphisms M → N and N → M implies M ' N . Extending results and ideas of Rososhek from rings to modules, it is shown that, for an R-module M , the class σ[M ] of all M -subgenerated modules is mono-correct if and only if M is semisimple, and the class of all weakly M -injective modules ...

in this paper, the notion of fully idempotent modules is defined and it is shown that this notion inherits most of the essential properties of the usual notion of von neumann's regular rings. furthermore, we introduce the dual notion of fully idempotent modules (that is, fully coidempotent modules) and investigate some properties of this class of modules.

 Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and $M$ be a finitely generated unital $R$-module. In this paper, first we give necessary and sufficient conditions that a finitely generated module to be a multiplication module. Moreover, we investigate some conditions which imply that the module $M$ is the direct sum of some cyclic modules and free modules. Then some properties of Fitting ideals o...

The programming language Standard ML is an amalgam of two, largely orthogonal, languages. The Core language expresses details of algorithms and data structures. The Modules language expresses the modular architecture of a software system. Both languages are statically typed, with their static and dynamic semantics specified by a formal definition. Over the past decade, Standard ML Modules has b...