Recent successes of antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing HIV infection have raised questions whether further placebo controlled trials of new HIV-prevention technologies are ethically justifiable. A trial with active agent(s) in the comparator group can be designed either as a superiority or non-inferiority trial. In a non-inferiority trial the hypothesis tested is that ...

Jeanne M. Marrazzo and colleagues join PLOS Medicine's Collection on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of STIs with a Perspective on HIV research imperatives in our time of effective viral suppression and pre-exposure prophylaxis.

published by admin on Fri, 03/14/2014 9:08am Title Primary care and public health partnerships for implementing pre-exposure prophylaxis. Publication Type Journal Article Year of Publication 2013 Authors Norton, WE, R Larson, S, Dearing, JW Journal Am J Prev Med Volume 44 Issue 1 Suppl 2 Pagination S77-9 Date Published 2013 Jan ISSN 1873-2607

In the 10 years since licensure of neuraminidase inhibitor drugs, their use has steadily increased, especially during the pandemic of 2009. Experience now indicates that factors which influence the emergence of high level resistance include the nature of drug binding to target, viral subtype, the use of post exposure prophylaxis and a lack of immunity in the host as seen in children and immunoc...

This qualitative study aims to gain in-depth information about the attitudes of HIV-serodiscordant couples towards two new methods of HIV prevention; Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis and Treatment as Prevention, both of which have been recently recommended by the World Health Organisation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 38 individuals in a serodiscordant relationship in Western Kenya. T...

Exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a recognized occupational hazard to healthcare personnel. The virus also presents an operational hazard to deployed Special Operations Forces (SOF) personnel. Management guidelines for work related exposure to HIV mainly deal with healthcare workers in a first world hospital environment. Formal guidelines for postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) regar...

Policy Forum T he Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (http: ⁄⁄www. grandchallengesgh.org), the United States National Institutes of Health (http: ⁄⁄grants1.nih. gov/grants/index.cfm), the United Kingdom Wellcome Trust (http: ⁄⁄www.wellcome.ac.uk/funding), and others are increasing funding for research on diseases that affect the world's poor. The goal is to develop superior diagnostic tools, preve...

BACKGROUND Insufficient knowledge on blood-borne pathogens has been identified as a factor that influences occupational exposure to needle stick and sharps injuries. The objective of this study was to assess healthcare workers' knowledge on occupational exposure to HIV. METHODS A cross sectional survey was conducted at Tumbi designated regional hospital and Dodoma regional hospital, Tanzania ...

There are ~900,000 new HIV infections among women every year, representing nearly half of all new HIV infections globally. In the US, nearly one-fifth of all new HIV infections occur among women, and women from racial and ethnic minority communities experience disproportionately high rates of new HIV infections. Thus, there is a need to develop and implement effective HIV prevention strategies ...

The successful integration of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) into comprehensive HIV programmes that include increased testing, the offer of early treatment for infected individuals and combination HIV prevention, is showing signs of contributing to a reduction in new HIV infections [1,2]. Such programmes can enable and motivate people with a high risk of HIV infection to come for testing, enco...