Learning and memory are inextricably intertwined. The capacity for learning presupposes an ability to retain the knowledge acquired through experience, while memory stores the background knowledge against which new learning takes place. During the dark years of radical behaviorism, when the concept of memory was deemed too mentalistic to be a proper subject of scientific study, research on huma...

It is increasingly recognised that spatial contextual long-term memory (LTM) prepares neural activity for guiding visuo-spatial attention in a proactive manner. In the current study, we investigated whether the decline in explicit memory observed in healthy ageing would compromise this mechanism. We compared the behavioural performance of younger and older participants on learning new contextua...

Sleep is hypothesized to play a functional role in the consolidation of memory, with more robust findings for implicit, than explicit memory. Previous studies have observed improvements on an explicit motor task after a sleep period. We examined the role of massed practice and sleep on implicit and explicit learning within a motor task. Controlling for non-sleep factors (e.g. massed practice, c...

Changes in environmental context between encoding and retrieval often affect explicit memory but research on implicit memory is equivocal. One proposal is that conceptual but not perceptual priming is influenced by context manipulations. However, findings with conceptual priming may be compromised by explicit contamination. The present study examined the effects of environmental context on conc...

Recent accounts of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) suggest that the encoding of an episode within a fearful context generates different implicit and explicit memory representations. Whilst implicit memory traces include the associated emotional states, explicit traces include a recoding into an abstract or gist-based structural context of the episode. Theoretically, the long-term preservat...

ved considerable attention from researchers during the past decade. Explicit memory is the conscious or intentional retrieval of past experience, whereas implicit memory is the nonconscious or unintentional retrieval of previously acquired information (Graf & Schacter, 1985; Schacter, 1987). Explicit memory is typically measured by direct Psicothema, 1999. Vol. 11, no 4, pp. 801-813 ISSN 0214 9...

Brief Description: Explicit memory is the conscious experience of remembering previously learned information, while implicit memory is evident when this information (unconsciously) affects performance on tasks. A debate spanning over three decades concerns whether these two forms of memory are independent of one another and supported by distinct cognitive systems. Evidence for this ‘multiple-sy...

We tested the idea that real-world situations, such as the highly strenuous exercise involved in marathon running, that impose extreme physical demands on an individual may result in neurohormonal changes that alter the functioning of memory. Marathon runners were given implicit and explicit memory tasks before or immediately after they completed a marathon. Runners tested immediately upon comp...

The current study was designed to investigate the survival processing effect (Nairne, Thompson, & Pandeirada, 2007) in cued implicit and explicit memory tests. The survival effect has been well established in explicit free recall and recognition tests, but has not been evident in implicit memory tests or in cued explicit tests. Experiment 1 of the current study tested implicit and explicit memo...