Suppose S is a nonwandering shift of finite type (SFT), and T is an expansive automorphism of S. We show T cannot be a strictly sofic almost Markov shift. Also included is an example of D. Fiebig, a reducible SFT with an expansive automorphism which is not SFT.

This qualitative study aimed at exploring the causes of writing anxiety from an expansive learning perspec- tive. Given the centrality of writing for both EFL learners and teachers, writing anxiety was explored through a longitudinal study spanning two years with 25 EFL learners and teachers who participated by providing comments, diaries, and documents. The participants were also observe...

Let be an expansive automorphisms of compact connected abelian group X whose dual group ^ X is cyclic w.r.t. (i.e. ^ X is generated by f n : n 2 Zg for some 2 ^ X). Then there exists a canonical group homomorphism from the spacè 1 (Z;Z) of all bounded two-sided sequences of integers onto X such that = , where is the shift on`1 (Z;Z). We prove that there exists a sooc subshift V ` 1 (Z;Z) such t...

Expansive soils are one of the examples of tropical soils. These soils pose problems to civil engineers in general and to geotechnical engineers in particular. They cause damage to structures founded in them because of their potential to react to changes in moisture regime. They undergo severe volume changes corresponding to changes in moisture content. Because of their potential to undergo vol...

A homeomorphism f : X → X of a compactum X is expansive (resp. continuum-wise expansive) if there is c > 0 such that if x, y ∈ X and x 6= y (resp. if A is a nondegenerate subcontinuum of X), then there is n ∈ Z such that d(f(x), f(y)) > c (resp. diam f(A) > c). We prove the following theorem: If f is a continuum-wise expansive homeomorphism of a compactum X and the covering dimension of X is po...

This research evaluates the changes brought about by addition of asphalt emulsion and steel filings in clayey soils for subgrade urban pavements. For this study, different dosages each additive were established, being 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 15% 3%, 6%, 9%, 13%, 18% emulsion, obtaining favorable results accordance with CE.010 Urban Pavement standard. With CBR (California Bearing Ratio) had a linear inc...