Background: After achieving high vaccination coverage, vaccine failure may occur. The sufficient knowledge of the workers in expanded program immunization (EPI) is one factors that affect preventing this failure. In Saada, Yemen, there no information about EPI. This study seeks to assess those charge Sa’adah, Yemen. Method: prospective cross-sectional was performed healthcare providers (HCPs) r...

BACKGROUND Vaccination against hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) has been applied successfully for more than 20 years in China, and since 2008, the government has implemented the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) in regions with high incidence. In this study, we analyzed the EPI-related changes in age distribution in reported cases of HFRS and proposed new recommendations for pr...

BACKGROUND Increasing life expectancy results in a larger proportion of older people susceptible to vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). In the Netherlands, influenza vaccination is routinely offered to people aged 60 years and older. Vaccination against pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster and pertussis is rarely used. These vaccines will be evaluated by the Dutch Health Council and might be ro...

v Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection causes a spectrum of acute and chronic liver disease, with chronic infection ranging from inactive carrier status to progressive chronic hepatitis, culminating in end-stage cirrhosis and liver cancer. Over one-third of the world’s population has been or is currently infected with HBV and 350 to 400 million people remain chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HB...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine whether a vaccination program in a pharmacist-managed secondary prevention lipid clinic increased influenza immunization rates in a high-risk population, and whether age or gender disparity existed among those vaccinated. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Large, multispecialty, group practice. PATIENTS A total of 476 and 266 patients seen at clinic v...

Using decision analysis, we estimated benefits, risks, and costs of implementing the Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccination program in children aged 18 months and 6 years in Thailand. The costs for inclusion of JE vaccine into the routine immunization program at 18 months and 6 years are $2.16 and $3.68 per person, respectively. In the baseline model, the JE vaccination program will prevent 124...

We previously found that human NK cells lyse Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected monocytes and alveolar macrophages and upregulate CD8(+) T cell responses. We also found that human NK cells produce IL-22, which inhibits intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis, and that NK cells lyse M. tuberculosis-expanded CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs). To determine the role of NK cells duri...

BACKGROUND Rotavirus gastroenteritis places a significant health and economic burden on Pakistan. To determine the public health impact of a national rotavirus vaccination program, we performed a cost-effectiveness study from the perspective of the health care system. METHODS A decision tree model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness of a national vaccination program in Pakistan. Di...