although there are studies on pragmatic assessment, to date, literature has been almost silent about native and non-native english raters’ criteria for the assessment of efl learners’ pragmatic performance. focusing on this topic, this study pursued four purposes. the first one was to find criteria for rating the speech acts of apology and refusal in l2 by native and non-native english teachers...

data envelopment analysis (dea) is a powerful tool for measuring relative efficiency of organizational units referred to as decision making units (dmus). in most cases dmus have network structures with internal linking activities. traditional dea models, however, consider dmus as black boxes with no regard to their linking activities and therefore do not provide decision makers with the reasons...

چکیده : تاثیر سفیده تخم مرغ ( EW ) و عصاره پروتئین آب پنیر ( WPC ) در مقادیر 5/0 تا 5 درصد بر خصوصیات ژل تولید شده از گوشت چرخ شده میگوی خنجری (Parapenaeopsis stylifera) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ویژگیهای بافتی ژلهای تولیدی تا میزان مشخصی از افزودنیها ( 3% EW و 1% WPC ) بهبود یافته و افزایش بیشتر EW و WPC ویژگیهای بافتی را تنزل بخشید (05/0 P≤ ). عامل اصلی در افزایش خصوصیات بافتی، اثر بازدارندگی پر...

to discuss my point, i have collected quite a number of articles, anthologies, and books about "wuthering heights" applying various ideas and theories to this fantastic story. hence, i have come to believe that gadamer and jauss are rightful when they claim that "the individaul human mind is the center and origin of all meaning," 3 that reading literature is a reader-oriented activity, that it ...

for several years, researchers in familiarity of efl teachers with post-method and its role in second and foreign language learners’ productions have pointed out that the opportunity to plan for a task generally develops language learners’ development (ellis, 2005). it is important to mention that the critical varies in language teaching was shown is the disappearances of the concept of method ...

the present dissertation aims to investigate four-word lexical bundles in applied linguistics research articles by iranian and internationally-published writers. the aims of this study are two-fold: first of all, attempts have been made to create a comprehensive list of the most commonly used four-word lexical bundles categorized by their type and token frequency, their structural characteristi...